重庆某三甲医院门诊健康汉族女性外眼形态特征衰老变化的测量与分析

Measurement and analysis of changes in the external eye morphological characteristics of healthy Han women in outpatient department of a first-class hospital in Chongqing

目的探索重庆某三甲医院门诊健康汉族女性外眼形态特征衰老变化规律,为重庆地区汉族女性眼周年轻化治疗提供数据参考。方法采用横断面研究方法。收集2021年3月至7月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院门诊进行健康体检及整形美容咨询的健康汉族女性眼部清晰正面照片。按年龄段分层(20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、≥60岁),进行照片编号,采用随机数字表法各年龄段抽取相同数量的照片。以瞳孔为O点构建坐标轴,双侧瞳孔连线为x轴,过瞳孔中点且垂直于x轴的直线为y轴。测量内眦点(A)、下泪点(B)、y轴与下睑缘交点(C)、下睑缘最低点(D)、外眦点(E)、上睑缘最高点(F)、y轴与上睑缘交点(G)的坐标位置。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析,呈正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,不同年龄段间各指标比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD检验。结果共测量500名重庆地区健康汉族女性,每个年龄段各100名。测量结果显示,随着年龄的增加,A(x)值逐渐增大,A(y)值逐渐减小,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=37.70、7.97,均P<0.001),表明内眦点随着衰老远离瞳孔向鼻侧向下移动;B(x)值逐渐减小,B(y)值逐渐增大,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=44.72、39.93,均P<0.001),表明下泪点随着衰老向瞳孔向颞侧向上移动;C(y)值逐渐增大,G(y)值逐渐减小,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=230.29、143.98,均P<0.001),表明随着衰老上下眼睑均向瞳孔移动导致眼裂变窄;D(x)值逐渐增大,D(y)值逐渐增大,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=148.24、259.24,均P<0.001),F(x)值逐渐增大,F(y)值逐渐减小,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=258.03、152.95,均P<0.001),表明随着衰老上睑缘最高点及下睑缘最低点均向瞳孔靠拢移动;E(x)值逐渐增大,E(y)值逐渐减小,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=21.11、21.46,均P<0.001),表明随着衰老外眦点向鼻侧向下移动;内眦点与外眦点的距离(AE)与年龄无明显相关,各组间差异无统计学意义(F=0.99,P=0.415)。组间两两比较结果显示,20~29岁组与≥60岁组各标志点差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),部分指标在部分相邻年龄段的差异无统计学意义,但对整体变化趋势的影响不大。结论重庆某三甲医院门诊健康汉族女性在衰老过程中外眼形态特征呈现规律性的变化,整体表现为眼球暴露度缩小,内眦退缩,内、外眦向鼻侧向下移位,外眼形态轮廓由圆润逐渐转向细长外观。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of periorbital aging in healthy Han women in outpatient department of a first-class hospital in Chongqing,and to provide reference evidence-based eye rejuvenation treatments for Han women in the area.Methods Cross-sectional study method was used to collect clear frontal photos of healthy Han women in Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March to July 2021.Photos were stratified by age(20-29 years old,30-39 years old,40-49 years old,50-59 years old,≥60 years old)and numbered,then the same number of photos were randomly selected for each age group.The pupil was defined as the point O of the coordinate axis,the connecting line between the pupils on both sides was the x-axis,and the vertical line passing through the pupil was the y-axis.The coordinate position of the inner canthal point(A),lower tear point(B),intersection point of y-axis and lower eyelid margin(C),lowest point of lower eyelid margin(D),lateral canthal point(E),highest point of upper eyelid margin(F),intersection point of the y-axis and the upper eyelid margin(G)were measured and recorded.SPSS 25.0 software was used for analysis.Measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD.One-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparison of various indicators among different age groups.LSD test was used for paired comparison between groups.Results A total of 500 healthy Han women in Chongqing area were included,each age group had 100 cases.Measurement results showed that A(x)increased and A(y)decreased gradually with aging,among different age groups there were statistically significant(F=37.70,7.97,all P<0.001),indicating that internal canthus gradually moved away from the pupil,closer to the nose and downward as people age.B(x)decreased and B(y)increased gradually with aging,among different age groups there were statistically significant(F=44.72,39.93,all P<0.001),indicating that the lower lacrimal point moved to the pupil,the nose and upward with aging.C(y)increased and G(y)decreased gradually with aging,among different age groups there were statistically significant(F=230.29,143.98,all P<0.001),which showed that the upper and lower eyelids moved closer to the pupil with aging,resulting in narrow eye fissure.D(x)and D(y)increased gradually with aging,and the differences were statistically significant among different age groups(F=148.24,259.24,all P<0.001).F(x)increased and F(y)decreased gradually with aging,and the difference were statistically significant among groups(F=258.03,152.95,all P<0.001).It indicated that the highest point of the upper eyelid margin and the lowest point of the lower eyelid margin moved towards the pupil with aging.E(x)increased and E(y)decreased gradually with aging,among different age groups there were statistically significant(F=21.11,21.46,all P<0.001),which indicated that the lateral canthus moved downward,closer to the nasal side with aging.The distance of inner canthus and outer canthus(AE)had no relationship with age,as there was no significant difference between groups(F=0.99,P=0.415).The paired comparison between groups showed that the differences in all indicators between the 20-29 years old group and the≥60 years old group were statistically significant(all P<0.05),and the differences in some indicators in some adjacent age groups had no statistical significance,but had little effect on the overall variation.Conclusions The periorbital morphological characteristics of healthy Han women in outpatient department of a first-class hospital in Chongqing present regular changes during the aging process.The main manifestations are eyeball exposure reduction,inner canthus retreat,inner and lateral canthus ptosis,and the contour of the eye shape gradually changes from roundness to slender appearance.