陆海统筹视角下茂名市海岸带生态安全格局规划研究

Ecological security pattern planning of coastal zone in Maoming city from land-sea integration perspectives

作为国土空间规划的三大战略格局之一,生态安全格局是海岸带地区生态安全的重要保障。本研究遵循“陆海统筹、生态优先”的理念,基于“本底分析-要素识别-格局构建”的总体思路,采用陆海生态敏感性评价、最小累积阻力模型、“源地-廊道-节点”模型等分析方法,规划构建了茂名市海岸带的生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)研究区的海岸侵蚀和特殊生境以不敏感为主,一般生境以轻度敏感为主,水土流失、风暴潮、赤潮、海岸带利用以中度敏感为主,社会经济以高度敏感为主;(2)研究区生态敏感性总体较高,陆海复合系统的综合敏感性指数由陆地向海洋呈现“减小-增加-减小”的空间变化规律;(3)本研究共提取出生态源地21块,面积116.78 km^(2);识别出生态廊道35条、生态节点24个,分别呈“一横五纵三环”“陆多海少、南多北少”的空间分布格局;(4)本研究构建出“一带、三湾、五廊、多点”的区域生态安全格局,在此基础上提出规划指引,以期为茂名市海岸带的生态文明建设提供科学指导。

As one of the three strategic patterns of territorial spatial planning,ecological security pattern is an important guarantee for ecological security in coastal areas.This study follows the concept of“land-sea integration and ecological priority”,based on the general idea of“background analysis-element identification-pattern construction”,and uses ecological sensitivity evaluation,minimum cumulative resistance model and“source-corridor-node”model to plan and construct the ecological security pattern of Maoming coastal zone.The results show that:(1)In study area,coastal erosion and special habitat are mainly insensitive;general habitat is mainly slightly sensitive;soil and water loss,storm surge,red tide,and coastal zone utilization are mainly moderately sensitive;and social economy is mainly highly sensitive.(2)The ecological sensitivity of the study area is generally high,and the comprehensive sensitivity index of land–sea complex system shows a spatial variation of“decrease-increase-decrease”from land to sea.(3)The study extracts a total of 21 ecological sources,with an area of 116.78 km^(2);35 ecological corridors and 24 ecological nodes are identified,showing a spatial distribution pattern of“one horizontal,five verticals and three rings”and“more land than sea,more south than north”respectively.(4)The study has constructed an ecological security pattern of“one belt,three bays,five corridors,and multiple nodes”;on this basis,the planning guidelines are put forward to provide scientific guidance for the ecological civilization construction of Maoming coastal zone.