福建宁德晴川湾海域鱼类群落结构及其时空变动

Fish assemblage structure and spatio-temporal variation in Qingchuan bay,Ningde,Fujian

福建宁德晴川湾是闽东渔场的中心区域,但针对该区域鱼类群落结构的研究相对欠缺。本研究在2020年4月和10月开展了两次底拖网调查,旨在通过对晴川湾海域鱼类群落结构及其时空变动的分析,探究环境因子对该海域鱼类群落的影响。结果显示:本次调查共采集到鱼类11目29科49属55种,其中,30种为洄游性鱼类;春季优势种主要为孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina),秋季优势种为龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus);多样性指数存在季节差异,具体表现为春季平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数(1.80和0.70)高于秋季(1.36和0.47),秋季的物种丰富度(2.70)显著高于春季(2.48);不同站位间各环境参数不存在显著差异,同一站位内春、秋两季的水温、盐度、溶解氧和叶绿素a等均存在显著差异。RDA排序结果显示,春季鱼类群落受叶绿素a浓度影响显著;秋季鱼类群落则受盐度、溶解氧影响显著。本调查填补了宁德晴川湾海域鱼业资源现状的空白,同时为该海域渔业资源的可持续利用和有效管理以及海区生态系统修复提供了参考依据。

Based on fishery resources survey from Qingchuan bay,Ningde,Fujian province in April and October 2020,the fish assemblage structure and spatio-temporal variation were investigated,as well as the relationships between fish community and environmental factors.The results showed that a total of 55 species of fish,belonging to 49 genera and 29 families of 11 orders,consisting of 30 migratory species,were collected from Qingchuan bay.The diversity index showed obviously temporal and spatial differences that Trypauchen vagina and Harpadon nehereus was dominant in spring and autumn,respectively.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were higher in spring than in autumn,while the species abundance in autumn was significantly higher than that in spring.Non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities showed significant seasonal variation of fish community.However,there were no significant spatial differences among fish community that only difference were detected in the composition of fish species at different habitats and migratory types.One-way analysis of variance showed that there was no difference in environmental variables between different stations.However,there were significant differences in water temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a in spring and autumn at the same station.Finally,the result of redundancy analysis showed that chlorophyll a,salinity and dissolved oxygen had significant effects on fish communities in spring and autumn,respectively.This study firstly reports current status of fish resources in Qingchuan bay,and provides a basis for sustainable utilization and effective management of fishery resources of local marine ecosystem.