规训与超越:交叉学科建设的制度困境及其突破

Beyond the Discipline:The Institutional Dilemma and the Improvement of Interdisciplinary Construction

交叉学科承载着服务国家人才战略、构建知识创新体系和解决社会重大问题等多重使命。学科制度化在推动科学纵深发展的同时,也固化了学科边界,阻碍了学科交叉融合。学科内部制度的强分化和外部制度的弱整合是交叉学科陷入制度困境的根源,同时,制度困境映射到认识层面,呈现出对交叉学科认识的僵化和窄化;具象到实践层面,表现为人才培养的拼凑化和科学研究的本位化。有鉴于此,建设交叉学科需通过“上下联动”和“内外结合”的动力机制、“松散耦合”和“脱耦自治”的组织模式,以及“科研创新导向”和“人才培养导向”的分类评价方式予以突破。

Inter-discipline is of great importance in serving the national talent strategy,innovating the knowledge system,and dealing with the social issues.Discipline institutionalization promotes the in-depth development of science,meanwhile sets the disciplinary boundary,and hinders the interdisciplinary integration.The strong differentiation within the disciplinary system and the weak integration beyond the disciplinary system are the root of the institutional dilemma which casts shadow towards cognition in forms of rigidifying and narrowing,and specifies to the practice in terms of piece-ups and centers-on.Therefore,improving inter-discipline needs to construct the drive mechanism of up-down interaction and inout integration,the organization model of loose-coupling and uncoupling autonomy,and classified evaluation method oriented by scientific innovation and talents cultivation.