“留”还是“流”:大学生专业逃离行为的形成机制研究

To Stay or to Leave:A Study on the Formation Mechanism of College Student Attrition

基于对21位大学生的深度访谈,分析大学生专业逃离行为的形成机制并构建“意愿-行为”模型,结果发现:大学生专业逃离行为具有“显性”和“隐性”二维结构,并且受专业逃离意愿直接驱动;专业-个人不匹配感是大学生明确自身核心期待缺口的基础,也是其产生专业逃离意愿的初始因素;核心期待缺口是大学生选择目标专业的重要依据,而成功找到目标专业是其产生专业逃离意愿的另一个重要因素;转专业环境和所采取策略对专业逃离意愿向专业逃离行为转化产生调节作用。为缓解专业逃离现象,高校应拓宽生涯指导渠道,增进学生的专业认知;完善招生考核机制,减少专业错配;注重学情研判,激发学生的专业热情。

Based on in-depth interviews with 21college students,this study develops the“intention-action”model of college student attrition in majors.The model reveals that student attrition has a two-dimensional structure of“explicit”and“implicit”leaving,and it is directly driven by their intention to leave.Discipline-individual mismatch is the basis for students’key expectation gap,which triggers initial thought for leaving.The gap in key expectation is an important base for choosing a target major,and locating a more attractive target major serves a base for intention to leave.The transition from intention to action is regulated by institutional policy and individual strategy on major transfer.To avoid large-scale student loss in certain disciplines,implications for career guidance,college admission,and student research are discussed at the end.