法教义学的方法

On the Methods of Legal Dogmatics

法教义学的方法是指法律人与实在法打交道时的作业方式,而非进行这种作业时所要运用的具体方法。就此而言,法教义学的方法虽与法学方法论联系紧密,但不完全等同于后者。法教义学的规范性立场决定了,作为方法的法教义学是一种以法律规范为出发点,各环节相对独立但又前后相连的规范性作业过程。它可以分为三种方法或三个步骤,即意义阐释、法学建构和体系化。意义阐释是对特定实在法之意义的科学阐释,以法律解释活动为主。法学建构包括两个方面,一是概念构造,即将法律规范回溯到更为抽象的概念与制度上去;二是事实归入,即将特定事实归入既有的法学范畴之下。体系化亦包含双重作业,一是致力于连贯性的概念—规则体系化(外部体系),二是致力于融贯性的价值—原则体系化(内部体系)。三种方法本身处于“诠释学循环”之中,紧密结合构成了教义学作业的整体。

The methods of legal dogmatics refer to the patterns in which lawyers dealing with positive law. Although closely related to legal methodology, they are not exactly the same as the latter. From the standpoint of normativity, legal dogmatics is a normative operation process with legal norms as the starting point. It can be divided into three steps:(i) meaning exposition, i.e.,scientifc explication of the meaning of positive law;(ii) legal construction, including conceptual construction and factual attribution;and(iii) systemization, both of concepts-rules on one hand, and values-principles on the other hand. Connected in the "hermeneutics cycle", these three steps are closely integrated to form the whole of doctrinal studies of law.