独走天涯:何香凝的职业转型与身份认同

Walking the World Alone:Career Change and Identity Recognition of He Xiangning

由于政治经历的独特性,何香凝一生多重身份互为交叠,革命家的印记较艺术家更为深刻。1960年何香凝担任中国美术家协会主席,艺术成就在历史上得到确认。但学界甚少从何香凝艺术实践中探究其职业转型问题。何香凝民国前期的“独走天涯”诗画创作,以自我生命历程为依据的女性书写,揭示何香凝在职业危机中的个人选择与转向,以出走和择业摆脱传统角色,践行自立求存的女性思想。从“夫人”到“画家”,何香凝的个案不仅体现她在革命事业与个人职业之间的发展策略,也反映了近代都市女性就业拓展、女性社交、女性赞助、女性艺术运动、女性角色的社会化进程。

The unique political experience of He Xiangning gave her multiple,overlapping identities in her lifetime.She is more of a revolutionist than an artist in the mind of the public.In 1960,she was elected the chairman of the China Artists Association,meaning her artistic achievements were recognized.However,her career change received little attention from academia.In the early period of the Republic of China,He Xiangning wrote poems and created paintings under the theme of"walking the world alone".Her creation was based on her own experience and revealed her choice and change in a career crisis—getting rid of her original roles by choosing another career and seeking to be a self-dependent women.From"a lady"to"an artist",the experience of He Xiangning reflects not only her own development in the revolutionary cause and personal career,but more broadly,employment expansion,social connection,sponsorship,art movements and socialization of women.