16世纪英国的时间观念及其在荷尔拜因肖像画中的体现

English Perception of Time in the 16th Century and its Embodiment in Hans Holbein’s Portraits

中世纪后期的瘟疫、海外贸易、文艺复兴以及亨利八世的宗教改革等诸多元素重塑了英国人的时间观念。与中世纪长期流行的神圣时间崇拜相比,16世纪的英国人发展出一种新型的现代时间观念。作为英国权贵阶层的御用肖像画大师,荷尔拜因的肖像画充分表达出这种时间观念的世俗化、物质化、理性化特征,集中体现了这个时期英国人对信仰、财富以及生死问题的态度。

In the late Middle Ages,the English perception of time was reshaped by plague,overseas trade, the Renaissance and the Reformation by Henry Ⅷ of England.Instead of pursuing the popular worship of sacred time in the Middle Ages,English people developed a new,modern perception of time in the 16 th Century.Hans Holbein,a portraitist serving English elites,expressed through his portraits this secularized,materialized and rationalized perception of time,demonstrating English people’s attitudes towards faith,fortune,life and death at that time.