有序组装型荧光小分子探针及其生物成像应用研究进展

Advances in orderly assembly of fluorescent small molecular probes and related bioimaging applications

基于小分子探针的荧光成像分析具有灵敏度高、操作简便、响应速度快、样本损伤小和时空分辨率高等优势,是在细胞和活体水平获取生化信息的有力手段.其中,有序组装型小分子荧光探针以其独特的组装方式和识别模式,表现出比传统小分子荧光探针更优异的成像性能(如抗扩散能力强、成像对比度高、光稳定性好以及环境干扰小等),从而引起研究工作者的广泛关注.本文总结了几类常见的有机染料聚集体及相应小分子荧光探针在生物成像领域的应用.随后,着重介绍了以2-(2-羟基苯基)-4(1H)-喹唑啉酮(HPQ)及其衍生物为代表的氢键驱动有序组装的有机染料组装体的设计、优化策略及其在生物医学领域应用中的最新进展.最后,对有序组装型荧光小分子探针在设计和应用方面存在的问题进行了讨论,为新型有序组装型荧光小分子探针的设计提供了思路.

Fluorescence imaging technology based on small molecule probes has the advantages of high sensitivity,simple operation,fast response speed,small sample damage and high spatial and temporal resolution,and is a powerful tool for obtaining biochemical information at the cellular and living level.Among them,the orderly assembled fluorescent small molecule probes have better imaging performance than traditional small-molecule fluorescent probes(such as strong anti-diffusion ability,high imaging contrast,and good photostability due to their unique assembly methods and recognition modes).This article summarizes the applications of several common organic dye aggregates and corresponding small molecule fluorescent probes in the field of bioimaging.Subsequently,the design and optimization strategies of organic dye assemblies represented by HPQ and its derivatives with hydrogen-bond-driven ordered assembly and their applications in the biomedical field are highlighted.Finally,the problems existing in the design and application of ordered assembled fluorescent small molecule probes are discussed,which provides ideas for the design of new ordered assembled fluorescent small molecule probes.