中国空间站再生生保系统的设计与实现

Design and implementation of regenerative life support system in the China space station

中国空间站中配置了再生生保系统,用于在长期载人航天飞行中实现环境控制和生命保障功能,在空间站内开展大气净化、氧气再生、冷凝水和尿液的净化回收.作为中国空间站的关键技术,以物理、化学方法为基础的再生生保系统包含电解制氧、CO_(2)去除、微量有害气体去除、尿处理、水处理和CO_(2)还原等多个系统.在神舟十二号飞行任务中,再生生保各系统运行稳定,全程保障了3人90天的任务要求,舱内物质循环与能量流动、物质消耗与循环节律得到在轨验证.本文阐述了再生生保系统的特点、研制过程、设计方案、地面和在轨验证情况.

China’s Tiangong space station is equipped with a regenerative life support system(RLSS).RLSS enables in-orbit environmental control and life support by producing oxygen,purifying air,recovering water from urine and condensate water.As a key technology of the space station,the RLSS contains several physicochemical systems,including electrolysis oxygen generation,carbon dioxide removal,trace contaminant control,urine processing,water recovery,and carbon dioxide reduction systems.During the Shenzhou-12 mission,the RLSS performed a 90-day manned operation and conducted the closed-loop recycling of the oxygen and water.This article presents the details pertaining to the techniques,developments,and operations of the RLSS on the China space station.