短周期主族非金属氢化物性质对比

Comparison of Properties of Short Period Main Group Nonmetallic Hydrides

以短周期主族非金属氢化物为例,阐述了非金属性与氢键强弱、非金属氢化物稳定性的关系;解决了“高氯酸的酸性强于硝酸”与“氯化氢不能形成典型氢键”间的矛盾;发现甲烷、硅烷、乙硼烷的稳定性排序与电负性排序对比出现异常,并以成键原子半径和孤电子对效应分析了异常的原因;总结了短周期主族非金属简单氢化物在水中的酸碱性、酸性强弱的规律。

Taking the short period main group non-metallic element hydride as an example, this paper expounds the relationship between non-metallic property and hydrogen bond strength and the stability of non-metallic hydride;The contradiction between “perchloric acid is more acidic than nitric acid” and “hydrogen chloride cannot form typical hydrogen bond” is solved;It is found that the stability ordering and electronegativity ordering of methane, silane and ethylborane are abnormal, and the causes of the abnormality are analyzed by bonding atom radius and lone electron pair effect;The regularity of acidity and alkalinity of short period main group non-metallic element hydride in water is summarized.