意大利行政诉讼中原告资格的认定与反思

The Identification and Reflection of Plaintiff’s Qualification in Italian Administrative Litigation

意大利行政诉讼为主观诉讼,决定了原告资格与私主体实体法上的法律地位密切关联。私主体针对公权力在实体法上的法律地位有两种,即主观权利与合法利益,在行政诉讼中,原告资格的认定主要是确认是否为合法利益的实际享有者。原告资格与诉的利益同为诉讼要件,行政法官依据“差别性”与“限定性”标准判断原告是否享有实体法上的合法利益,根据判决能否为原告带来实际好处审查是否具有诉的利益。在我国,行政诉讼原告资格的确认需首先明确行政诉讼的定位,加强诉权理论的研究,探讨行政相对人实体法上的法律地位及其与原告资格之间的关系,构建体系化的行政诉讼规则。

The plaintiff’s qualifications,in the Italian administrative litigation,which is subjective litigation in nature,are closely related to the private parties’legal status,namely the subjective rights and legitimate interests in the substantive law.Hence,in administrative litigation,the plaintiff’s qualifications are determined by whether the party actually enjoys legitimate interests.As the plaintiff’s qualifications and the interests of action are both considered the conditions of litigation,the administrative judge will decide whether the plaintiff enjoys the legal interests in substantive law based on the"difference"and"qualification"criteria,and decide whether the plaintiff enjoys the interests of action according to whether the judgment can bring actual benefits.To determine the plaintiff’s qualifications in China,first,the nature of administrative litigation needs to be specified.Second,the study of the right to administrative action needs to be strengthened,in order to explore the legal status of the private parties in substantive law and its relationship with the plaintiff’s qualifications,so as to establish a system of administrative litigation rules.