贵州省中药材种植的经济效益及潜力分析

Economic Effect and Potential Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting in Guizhou Province

为了解贵州省在落实乡村振兴战略过程中不同中药材种植的经济效益及发展潜力,采用经济投入产出法、比较分析法对典型地区黎平县茯苓种植和锦屏县铁皮石斛种植进行经济效益和发展潜力分析。结果表明:茯苓和铁皮石斛种植阶段的经济利润分别为742892.2和50100元/hm^(2),茯苓的经济效益高于铁皮石斛。随着产业链延伸,精深加工后的产品附加值成倍增长,表明中药材种植拥有巨大的发展潜力。从种植周期角度分析,茯苓和铁皮石斛的种植周期分别为3年和5年,茯苓种植对森林资源的潜在影响较大,因此,从长远发展来看铁皮石斛的发展潜力比茯苓强。总之,中药材产业增加了农户收益,后续发展潜力巨大,但也存在潜在的生态风险。在贵州省中药材产业发展过程中,如何通过延伸产业链,加大产品开发力度,实现中药材种植业和森林资源保护开发,最终实现经济与生态的共赢,将是贵州中药材产业持续健康发展的关键。

In order to understand the economic benefits and development potential of different Chinese medicinal materials planting in the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy in Guizhou Province,the economic input-output method and comparative analysis method were used to analyze the economic benefits as well as developing potential of the planting of Poria cocos and Dendrobium candidum in Liping County and Jinping County,respectively.The results showed that the economic profits of Poria cocos and Dendrobium candidum were 742892.75 yuan/ha and 50100 yuan/ha respectively.The economic benefits of Poria cocos was higher than that of Dendrobium candidum.With the extension of the industrial chain,the added value of products being intensive processed would be doubled,which indicated that the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials has huge development potential.From the perspective of the planting cycle,the planting cycles of Poria cocos and Dendrobium candidum are three and five years respectively.Poria cocos planting has a greater potential threat of forest resource.Therefore,Dendrobium candidum planting has more advantages than Poria cocos in long time.In short,the development of the Chinese medicinal material industry in Guizhou has increased the income for farmers.And the following development potential is huge,but there also exists some potential ecological risks.Therefore,extending industrial chain,improving economic efficiency as well as protecting environment would be the key points for the Chinese medicinal materials industry in Guizhou Province in future.