中国要素市场化配置水平的动态演进、结构差异与收敛性研究

Research on Dynamic Evolution,Structural Difference and Convergence of Market-oriented Allocation Level of Factors in China

文章构建了包含土地、劳动、资本、技术和数据五大要素市场53个具体指标的要素市场化配置水平指标评价体系。利用熵权法测算出2010-2019年全国及各省份要素市场化配置水平综合指数,并运用核密度估计、方差分解、变异系数和空间面板模型等方法研究要素市场化配置水平的动态演进特征、结构差异及收敛机制。研究发现:整体层面要素市场化配置水平不高但上升趋势明显;区域层面要素市场化配置水平存在显著差异,区域差距在我国东部、中部和西部区域依次递减;全国及三大区域的要素市场化配置水平存在不同极化特征;技术市场化差异和数据市场化差异是造成全国要素市场化结构差异的主要原因;中部和西部区域支持σ收敛机制,全国、中部及西部区域支持β收敛和俱乐部收敛机制。本文的研究价值在于量化市场对要素资源的配置水平,对于提高经济运行效率和促进经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

This paper constructs an index evaluation system of factor marketization allocation level, which includes 53 specific indicators of five factor markets: land, labor, capital, technology and data.The entropy method is used to calculate the comprehensive index of market-oriented allocation level of factors in China and provinces from 2010 to 2019.The methods of kernel density estimation, variance decomposition, coefficient of variation and spatial panel model are used to study the dynamic evolution characteristics, structural differences and convergence mechanism of factor market-oriented allocation level.It is found that the overall level of market-oriented allocation of factors is not high, but the upward trend is obvious;there are significant differences in the level of market-oriented allocation of factors at the regional level, and the regional gap decreases successively in the eastern, central and western regions of China;the market-oriented allocation level of factors in the whole country and the three regions has different polarization characteristics;the differences of technology marketization and data marketization are the main reasons for the differences of national factor marketization structure;the central and western regions support the σ convergence mechanism, and the whole country, central and western regions support the β convergence and club convergence mechanism.The research value of this paper is to quantify the allocation level of factor resources by the market, which is of great significance to improve economic operation efficiency and promote high-quality economic development.