国家级高新区设立推动产业协同集聚了吗?--基于双重差分法的实证检验

Has the Establishment of National High--tech Zones Promoted Industrial Co-Agglomeration?-An Empirical Test Based on Difference in Difference Method

国家级高新区是区位导向型产业政策之一,其设立能否对地区的产业协同集聚产生影响?对此问题的研究既是对产业政策有效性的讨论,也是对制造业产业专业化集聚向产业协同集聚转变的验证。本文基于全国283个地级市2004-2018年的数据,使用双重差分法(DID)对此问题进行了实证检验。研究结论表明,国家级高新区设立影响产业协同集聚水平的净效应显著为正,且这一结论在倾向得分匹配-双重差分(PSM-DID)和自抽样法下仍然成立。动态检验表明,国家级高新区设立对产业协同集聚的动态促进作用呈现出显著的倒“N”型,即影响的大小随着时间的推移先降低后上升再下降。异质性分析表明,中西部地区设立国家级高新区能够显著提升产业协同集聚的水平,而东部地区设立国家级高新区对产业协同集聚不存在显著影响。作用机制检验证实了,国家级高新区的设立能够从市场化水平和FDI等途径提升产业协同集聚的水平。

National high-tech zone is one of the location-oriented industrial policies,can its establishment have an impact on the regional industrial co-agglomeration?The research on this issue is not only a discussion of the effectiveness of industrial policy,but also the verification of the transformation from specialized agglomeration of manufacturing to industrial co-agglomeration.Based on the data of 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2018,this paper uses the difference-in-difference(DID)method to test this problem empirically.The results shows that the net effect of the establishment of national high-tech zone on industrial co-agglomeration is significantly positive,and this conclusion is still valid under the Propensity score matching-difference-in-difference(PSM-DID)and Bootstrap method.Dynamic effect test shows that the dynamic promoting effect of the establishment of national high-tech zones on industrial co-agglomeration presents a significant inverted"N"shape,that is,the extent of the influence decreases first,then increases and decreases lastly with the passing of time.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the national high-tech zones established in the central and western regions can significantly improve the level of industrial co-agglomeration,while the national high-tech zones established in the eastern regions have no significant impact on industrial co-agglomeration.The mechanism test proves that the establishment of national high-tech zones can promote the level of industrial co-agglomeration frommarketization and FDI.