中国恶性肿瘤一级预防现状与展望

Current situation and prospect of primary prevention of cancer in China

恶性肿瘤是严重危害中国人民健康及社会发展的重大公共卫生问题。未来的恶性肿瘤防控工作应继续坚持预防优先原则,在全国范围内全面开展实施一级预防相关举措。预防对减轻中国居民,特别是广大中低收入人群及经济相对落后地区居民的恶性肿瘤负担尤为关键。过去几十年间,国际社会通过烟草控制、改善职业卫生条件以及疫苗接种等一级预防措施,显著降低了相关恶性肿瘤的发病率。中国也在云南省宣威市、江苏省启东市、河南省林县等特定地区的恶性肿瘤高危人群中探索实施了一系列一级预防措施并取得了显著成绩。但是,由于中国居民恶性肿瘤危险因素系统性认知水平偏低、自我健康管理意识和能力不足,当前亟需创建新的研究工具与研究方法以进一步揭示恶性肿瘤病因并建立人群层面及个体层面的恶性肿瘤一级预防新机制和新体系。基于当前癌谱转变与数字化发展的现状,建立一个可以覆盖全民的集恶性肿瘤一级预防权威科普宣教、个体化风险评估与自我健康管理助手于一体的癌症一级预防数字化智能服务体系,对提升中国居民恶性肿瘤一级预防能力将大有裨益,并能助力中国恶性肿瘤防控事业的可持续发展。

Cancer is a major public health issue that seriously endangers the public health and social development of China.Future initiatives for cancer prevention and control should continue to adhere to the principle of prioritizing prevention,and comprehensively implement related prevention activities nationwide.This is critical to reducing cancer burden in Chinese residents,especially in the low-and middle-income populations and those living in areas that are less economically developed.In the past several decades,the international community has significantly reduced the incidence of related cancers through primary prevention measures such as tobacco control,improved occupational hygiene,and vaccination.China has also implemented a series of exploratory primary prevention measures among high-risk groups of cancer in specific areas including Xuanwei,Qidong,and Linxian,and achieved encouraging results.However,due to the low level of systematic awareness of cancer risk factors and the lack of awareness and ability of self-health management in Chinese residents,it is urgent to develop novel research tools and methods to further reveal the causes of cancer,and establish innovative mechanisms and systems of primary prevention of cancer at population and individual levels.Based on current status of the transformation of cancer spectrum and the development of digital intelligence,it would be beneficial to establish a smart digital system for primary cancer prevention service that can cover the entire population,integrating authoritative popular science education on primary prevention of cancer,individualized cancer risk assessment,and personalized health management assistant.This will improve primary cancer prevention among the Chinese general population and can help the sustainable development of cancer prevention and control in China.