基于GIS的龙架山国家森林公园空气负离子时空变化特征研究

Study on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Negative Air Ions in Longjiashan National Forest Park Based on GIS

森林中的空气负离子(NAI)对人们的健康有积极作用。本研究分析NAI浓度的时空变化特征,为公园游客的游览时间和路线提供参考,为公园规划利于游客身心健康的活动场所提供理论依据。以龙架山国家森林公园为研究区,2021年5月~2022年1月,选取典型的9组样地,利用AES-60空气负离子检测仪定点观测不同时段、不同季节的NAI变化特征。应用NAI浓度分级标准进行分析及评价,同时利用GIS进行克里金插值,使用半变异函数和协方差函数建模工具对其进行可视化处理。NAI浓度在8∶00~18∶00时变化趋势呈“W”与“N”字型特征,在时间段10∶00和16∶00前后最低;不同样地NAI平均浓度排序:动态水域(卧龙溪)>针阔混交林>静态水域(龙仙湖)>马尾松林>杜仲林>保护区域(珍稀植物园)>杂灌>农用地>对照点;四季NAI平均浓度排序为:夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;公园西南区域的NAI浓度四季普遍高于其他区域,其浓度质量最高为Ⅰ级。一天中推荐公园游客进园游憩的时段是8∶00~10∶00、12∶00~14∶00和18∶00左右;推荐出行的季节是夏季,春、秋季节可在公园NAI浓度分布较高的西南区域或南部区域游憩。

The negative air ion(NAI) plays a positive role in people’s health during recreation in forest parks. Analyzing the variation characteristics of NAI concentration in a different space and time, offering a scientific and reasonable tour time and routes for visitors, and providing theoretical basis for the park’s management and planning. Taking Longjiashan National Forest Park as a researching region, 9 typical groups sample plot were selected to conduct fixed-site observations in different periods and seasons from May 2021 to January 2022. The temporal and seasonal variation characteristics of NAI concentration at different observation sites were observed. The NAI mass concentration rating standard was applied for analysis and evaluation. Meanwhile, Kriging interpolation was carried out by GIS,and the semi-variation function and covariance function modeling tool was used for visualization. The variation characteristics of NAI concentration at 8∶00~18∶00 generally showed a W or N shape, and it was the lowest around 10∶00 and 16∶00 in the time period. The order of NAI average concentration in different areas: Wolong River > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest > Longxian Lake > pinus massoniana forest > Eucommia ulmoides forest > rare Botanical Garden > miscellaneous shrubs > agricultural land > control point;the average concentration of NAI in four seasons was in the order of summer > spring > autumn > winter;the concentration of NAI in the southwest area of the park is generally higher than that in other areas in four seasons, and the highest concentration is grade I. Summer is the recommended season for visitors to travel in the park. In spring and autumn, tourists can travel to the southwest or southern regions with high NAI concentration distribution. The pleasing time in one day is about 8∶00~10∶00,12∶00~14∶00 and 18∶00.