基于潜在类别分析的护理本科生共情能力影响因素及干预对策

Influencing factors analysis and intervention strategies of empathy ability of nursing undergraduates based on latent class analysis

目的:探索不同潜在类别护理本科生共情水平影响因素的差异性,为不同类型的学生提供针对性教学干预。方法:于2021年3月采用整群抽样法选取河南省5所高校2020级护理本科生900人,采用一般资料调查表、人际反应指数量表进行问卷调查。结果:护理本科生的共情能力分为3个潜在类别:高观点采择⁃低个人痛苦组(43.92%)、低共情能力组(28.04%)、高共情能力组(28.04%);低共情能力组与高共情能力组学生的睡眠质量及月经不规律发生情况不同(P<0.05);高观点采择⁃低个人痛苦组与高共情能力组学生和同学间关系、阅读共情类相关书籍不同(P<0.05)。结论:低共情能力护生可以从觉察自己的情绪开始,逐步掌握情绪控制技能;高观点采择⁃低个人痛苦护生可以采用阅读提高情商的书籍和促进人际交往指导为主,不同形式的课堂培养为辅,以逐步提高共情能力。

Objective:To explore the difference of influencing factors of empathy level in different potential categories of nursing undergraduates,and to provide targeted teaching intervention for different types of students.Methods:In March 2021,a total of 900 nursing undergraduates of grade 2020 from five universities in Henan province were selected by cluster sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire and Interpersonal Response Index Scale.Result:The empathy ability of nursing undergraduates was divided into three potential categories,which were high opinion taking⁃low personal pain group(43.92%),low empathy ability group(28.04%),high empathy ability group(28.04%);the sleep quality and irregular menstruation were different between the low and high empathy groups(P<0.05);the relationship between students and classmates,reading books related to empathy were different between high opinion taking⁃low personal pain group and high empathy ability group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Nursing students with low empathy ability can start from awareness of their emotions and gradually master the skills of emotion control.Nursing students with high opinion taking⁃low personal pain can mainly read books to improve emotional intelligence and promote interpersonal communication guidance,and supplemented by different forms of classroom training,to gradually improve their empathy ability.