用于肿瘤免疫治疗的细胞膜包裹纳米药物研究进展

Research Progress of Cell Membrane-Coated Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy

免疫治疗是肿瘤治疗领域的革命性进展。然而,现有疗法临床响应率低,其主要原因包括患者的抗肿瘤免疫细胞激活不足、瘤内浸润受限和活性抑制等。纳米药物因其与肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞独特的相互作用,在肿瘤免疫治疗中极具潜力。近年来,为调控纳米药物与肿瘤免疫相关细胞的作用,研究者们用天然或工程化细胞膜对纳米粒进行表面改性,获得的细胞膜包裹纳米药物具有广阔的设计空间和良好的生物相容性,在肿瘤免疫治疗中展现出明显优势。近期研究发现,细胞膜包裹纳米药物能通过一系列免疫应答过程提高抗肿瘤免疫治疗效果,包括促进肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡、增加抗原递呈、增强T细胞活化、加强T细胞对肿瘤细胞识别以及杀伤能力等。通过对上述研究进行综述为用于肿瘤免疫治疗的细胞膜包裹纳米药物的优化和临床转化提供参考。

Immunotherapy revolutionizes the field of cancer therapy. However, the clinical response rate of current immunotherapy is marginal due to poor activation, limited tumor infiltration and low activity of anticancer immune cells. Nanomedicine elicits unique interactions with both cancerous and immune cells, showing great potential in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Recently, cell membranecamouflage has been extensively explored as a strategy to modulate interactions between nanomedicines and cells involved in anticancer immunity. Given the enormous design space and good biocompatibility of natural and engineered cell membranes, cell membrane-coated nanomedicines have shown great advantages in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advances reveal that cell membrane-coated nanomedicine can enhance cancer immunotherapy by a series of immune response processes including promoting immunogenic cell death of cancerous cells, improving antigen presentation and T cell activation, and increasing recognition and killing of cancerous cells by T cells. Review of these progresses provides reference for further optimization and clinical translation of cell membrane-coated nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy.