广州市女大学生性与生殖健康现况及教育需求的调查研究

Investigation on sexual and reproductive health status and educational demand of female college students in Guangzhou

目的通过调查广州市高校女大学生的性与生殖健康现况及教育需求,探索适合女大学生性与生殖健康的教育方法,为相关部门开展性与生殖健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用现况调查的方法于2021年11月1日至12月31日对广州市三所高校的272名女大学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括基本资料、生殖健康状况、恋爱与性认识情况、健康教育与避孕节育服务需求四部分。结果272名女大学生平均月经初潮年龄为(12.60±1.27)岁,其中160名(58.82%)女大学生经期出现痛经症状,近期49名(18.01%)有妇科方面不适,其中外阴或阴道瘙痒25人(51.02%)。恋爱的女大学生中,发生过性行为的占比37.70%。避孕措施均采用安全套避孕,均无发生过意外怀孕。女大学生对性传播疾病的知晓率总体较好。不同专业女大学生对于安全期、体外排精、工具与药物等避孕方法知晓率的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002),其中,医学专业知晓率最高(74.23%)。女大学生认为目前在大学生中开展性教育存在的主要困难是学校无相应的师资及学校重视程度不够,几乎所有女大学生均认为有必要在学校开展避孕节育与生殖健康知识教育,期望获取的主要知识类别依次为性生理与性心理方面的知识(96.32%)、避孕知识(90.44%)、性传播疾病(83.09%)及意外妊娠与人工流产知识(78.31%)。期望获取知识的主要渠道依次为科普读物(77.21%)、专题讲座(72.79%)、报刊杂志、网络及广播电视(64.34%)、课程教育(63.97%)及医务人员(41.54%)。结论广州市女大学生生殖健康现况有待家长、学校及社会给予更多关注,部分女大学生对于性与生殖健康知识的认知水平有限,高校应采取多种形式对女大学生建立正确的性与生殖健康观念进行引导,以提升广大青年女性的生殖健康水平。

Objective To explore suitable education methods for female college students’sexual and reproductive health,and provide scientific basis for relevant departments to carry out sexual and reproductive health education by investigating the current situation,cognition and demand of female college students’sexual and reproductive health in Guangzhou.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 272 female college students from three universities in Guangzhou for prevalence survey from November 1,2021 to December 31,2021.The survey contents included four parts:basic information,reproductive health status,romantic relationship and sexual awareness,health education and contraceptive services demands.Results(1)The average age of menarche of272 female college students was(12.60±1.27)years old.Among them,160(58.82%)have dysmenorrhea,49(18.01%)have genital discomfort,and 25(51.02%)have symptoms of genital itching.(2)37.70%female college students who are in love had sexual experience.All of these students used condoms for contraception,and no unintended pregnancy occurred.Female college students generally have a better awareness of sexually transmitted diseases.(3)There were significant differences in the awareness rate of contraceptive methods such as safe period,coitus interruptus,contraceptive tools and drugs among female students of different majors(P=0.002),medical students had the highest awareness rate(74.23%).(4)Most female college students considered the main difficulties in carrying out sexual education lies in the lack of professional teachers in universities and the universities do not pay enough concern to this issue.Almost all respondents believed that it’s necessary to carry out education on contraception and reproductive health knowledge in universities.Most of them hoped to learn more about sexual physiology and psychology(96.32%),contraceptive knowledge(90.44%),sexually transmitted diseases(83.09%)and accidental pregnancy and induced abortion knowledge(78.31%).They expected to acquire sexual and reproductive health education through factual books(77.21%),special lectures(72.79%),newspapers and magazines,internet,radio and television(64.34%),curriculum education(63.97%)and medical staff(41.54%).Conclusions Parents,universities and society need to pay more attention to Guangzhou female college students’reproductive health status.Some female college students lack common knowledge of sexual and reproductive health.Colleges and universities should take various measures to guide them to establish a correct concept of sexual and reproductive health,so as to improve the reproductive health status of young women.