夏玉米根系构型与抗根倒性能间的关系

Relationship between root architecture and root pulling force of summer maize

探究夏玉米根系构型与抗根倒性能间的关系,筛选出高抗根倒性能的夏玉米品种,明确抗根倒玉米的根系特性,为抗根倒玉米品种选育和玉米抗倒稳产栽培提供理论依据。本试验以黄淮海区域推广种植的104个夏玉米品种为试验材料,在开花期测定不同品种玉米的根拔力及根系相关性状,用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对这些夏玉米抗根倒性状进行综合评价,分析根系形态特征与抗根倒性能间的关系。结果表明,试验所用的104个品种的根拔力符合正态分布,其变化范围为862~1092 N。根拔力与节根着生角度、节根条数、节根总条数、节根长度、根干重、产量呈显著正相关性。基于不同玉米品种根系性状综合因子可以将试验品种按抗根倒伏性能由强到弱聚为6类。其中,抗根倒性强的品种有:联研155、迪卡517、齐民玉6号、金海13、来玉721、丰乐365、良星579、登海605、登海518、德单179。这一类群玉米品种具有根干重、节根条数、节根总条数、节根着生角度、节根长度、产量均较大的特点。

To screen out the summer maize varieties with high root-lodging resistance and provide theoretical basis for the breeding of root-toppling resistance maize varieties to achieve resistant to lodging and high and stable yields in summer maize,the relationship between root architecture and root-lodging resistance was studied.In this experiment,to analyze the relationship between root morphology and root lodging resistance,104 summer maize varieties widely planted in Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers region were used as materials,and the root pulling force and root related characters of different maize varieties were measured at flowering stage,and were evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the root pulling force of 104 varieties conformed to normal distribution with a range of 862-1092 N.There was a significant positive correlation between root pulling force and root angle,root numbers,total root number,root length,root dry weight,and yields.Based on the comprehensive root traits of different maize varieties,the experimental varieties were group into six groups according to the root lodging resistance from strong to weak.Among them,the varieties with strong root resistance were as follows:Lianyan 155,Dika 517,Qiminyu 6,Jinhai 13,Laiyu 721,Fengle 365,Liangxing 579,Denghai 605,Denghai 518,and Dedan 179.This group of maize varieties had the characteristics of higher root dry weight,root number,total root number,root angle,root length,and grain yield.