中国的反经济制裁立法:关于构建评估机制的思考

China’s Anti-economic Sanctions Legislation: Reflections on the Construction of an Evaluation Mechanism

经济制裁表现出单边主义和域外适用,是现代国际法语境中的“灰色地带”,但是作为国家外交“工具箱”的组成部分,应当承认经济制裁对于现代国际关系的价值。我国已建立起反制裁的国内法律体系,体现了防御性原则和工具性原则。当前对于经济制裁的研究秉持的是事前主义视角,着重于讨论经济制裁发起的合法性,以及经济制裁自身的运作机制等,忽视了经济制裁发起的效果如何评价,建立在金融学、经济学和统计学视角之上的评估机制,是定量分析而非定性分析,并非法学视角之上的规范性意义。合理有效地对经济制裁的效果进行评估,要求建立专门的、跟踪的和准确的经济制裁后置视角的评估机制。并且这种评估机制不应仅局限于制裁国与被制裁国二者,还应在国际社会整体利益和秩序的宏观背景下展开分析。

As a "gray zone" in the context of modern international law, economic sanctions show unilateralism and extraterritorial application. However, as a part of the "toolbox" of national diplomacy, economic sanctions should be recognized for the value of modern international relations. China has established a domestic legal system against sanctions, which embodies the principle of defensiveness and instrumentality. The current study of economic sanctions takes the ex ante perspective, focusing on discussing the legitimacy of the economic sanctions initiate, as well as the economic sanctions on its operation mechanism, etc., ignoring how to evaluate the effect of economic sanctions by, based on the perspective of finance, economics and statistics evaluation mechanism, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis rather than it’s not normative from a legal perspective. Reasonable and effective evaluation of the effects of economic sanctions requires the establishment of a special, tracking and accurate evaluation mechanism from the perspective of economic sanctions. This assessment mechanism should not only be limited to the sanctioning countries and the sanctioned countries, but should also be analyzed in the macro context of the overall interests and in order of the international community.