3D细胞培养的研究进展和应用前景

Research progress and application prospects of 3D cell culture

细胞因其提供大量的信息而成为科研中重要的研究材料之一,2D细胞培养中生长的细胞为探索细胞机制提供了大量的基础知识,但仍存在一定缺陷,如细胞形态与体内环境不同,胚胎结构的塌陷及不利于观察,组织结构的复杂等。体外2D细胞培养无法建立有效的体内微环境和细胞间的相互作用,从而潜在地诱导细胞形态和基因表达的变化,一定程度上扭曲细胞的行为和生物学功能。为了获得具有正常形态,行为和体内功能的细胞,3D细胞培养技术因此而生。3D细胞培养是将具有3D结构不同材料的载体与不同种类的细胞在体外共培养,使细胞能够在具有3D立体空间结构的载体中迁移、生长等生物活性,构成3D的细胞-载体复合物。目前3D细胞培养可应用于多种领域,包括肿瘤微环境、类器官、微载体等。因此,本文通过介绍各种3D细胞培养模型以及3D细胞培养的载体,对3D培养技术目前进展进行总结,为后续3D培养技术的发展提供依据。

Because cellscan provide a lot of information,they have become one of the important research materials in scientific research.Cells grown in 2D cell culture provide a lot of basic knowledge for exploring cell mechanisms,but they still have certain defects,such as cell morphology are different from those grown in internal environment,the collapse of the embryo structure is not conducive to observation,and the complexity of the tissue structure.In vitro 2D cell culture cannot establish an effective in vivo micro-environment and cell-cell interaction,thereby this kind of cell culture potentially inducing changes in cell morphology and gene expression,and distorting cell behavior and biological functions to a certain extent.3D cell culture technology was born in order to obtain cells with normal morphology,behavior and function.3D cell culture is to co-culture carriers of different materials with 3D structure and different types of cells in vitro,so that the cells can migrate and grow in the carrier with 3D three-dimensional space structure to form a 3D cell-carrier complex.At present,3D cell culture can be applied to many fields,including tumor micro-environment,organoids,micro-carriers,etc.Therefore,this article summarizes the current progress of 3D culture technology by introducing various 3D cell culture models and 3D cell culture carriers,and provides a basis for the subsequent development of 3D culture technology.