中关村高新技术企业合作申请专利网络集聚效应分析

Analysis of the Agglomeration Effect in High-tech Enterprise Patent Cooperation Network of Zhongguancun Science Park

根据中关村管委会提供的“一区十六园”和11个技术领域合作申请专利数据,构建高新技术企业合作申请专利网络。以模块度作为描述性指标,采用Louvain聚合算法分析社团结构特征及演化趋势。最后,具体分析4个时间截面的五大社团结构,从而揭示网络社团结构对企业合作申请专利的推动作用。

Zhongguancun Science Park is the first independent innovation demonstration area in China,and it has nurtured many high-tech enterprises.Innovation can arise from increasingly complex interactions between local,national,individuals,businesses and other knowledge institutions.With the development of knowledge economy,the simple chain innovation mode is gradually transformed into the complex innovation network mode.Patenting activity is a typical way for profit-seeking entities to reap rewards from their inventions and innovations,and patent cooperation networks have also become a manifestation of innovation networks.Patent cooperation network refers to the relationship formed by different innovative entities through cooperative patent application,as well as the technology diffusion mechanism in the process.Thus this paper systematically describes the cooperative patent application network of high-tech zones represented by Zhongguancun Science Park,and discusses the role of different types of innovative entities in the cooperative network.This study aims to provide a new framework for analyzing the path of technology diffusion in the innovation network at the regional level and industrial level respectively,which is conducive to the integration of innovation resources,the coordinated development of innovative subjects,and the improvement of innovation abilities.It is important to understand quantitatively how high-tech enterprise cooperates with others in patent application over time,for it affects how cooperative mechanism is organized and technology transferred.This paper establishes a regional cooperative patent application network with the help of the cooperative patent application relationship among high-tech enterprises in the Park.The cooperative patent community based on complex network theory can better reflect the cooperation and communication mode of patent applicants,which is beneficial to explore the relationship between enterprises,institutions,academic institutions and scientific research institutes.In this research,the high-tech enterprise patent cooperation network(HEPCN)model from 2008—2017 based on the Zhongguancun Science Park patent cooperation data.The overall characteristics of patents in the Z-park and the distribution characteristics of patents in different parks and technical fields are firstly summarized.Then the Louvain hierarchical clustering community division algorithm and the modularity Q function as the community structure description index are used to identify the community in the patent network data of high-tech enterprises in the Park from 2008 to 2017.The top five community data are used to analyze the overall characteristics and internal characteristics of the network community structure.The influencing factors of cooperative patent application community and the evolution path of the community can be confirmed by clustering analysis on the cooperative patent application situation of enterprises.The following conclusions are concluded by the above analysis.Firstly the cooperative patent application network presents a significant community structure,and the cooperation between communities has been strengthened.Most of the core communities in the network have the characteristics of leader communities,and the degree values of key nodes in the network are quite different from other nodes.Some sub-core communities have self-organization characteristics.Secondly the associations formed by universities and their spin-off enterprises have an advantage in the early stage of the formation of the cooperative patent application network,being larger associations in the network.Thirdly the intra-community cooperation model has gradually changed from the affinity type to the industry-related type.There are cooperative patent application societies based on common technical needs among enterprises,which is conducive to alleviate the negative effects of the affinity type cooperation model and expanding the scope and scale of knowledge exchange and resource sharing.Lastly large-scale state-owned enterprises in the energy industry such as electric power play a radiating and driving role in the community due to extensive technical cooperation and exchanges.Given the complexity and diversity of the relationship between high-tech enterprises in the patent cooperation network,this paper expands the research perspective of enterprise innovation cooperation and technology exchange,examines the technology related issues of enterprises from the perspective of patent cooperation network,and reveals the mutual relationship between high-tech enterprises in patent cooperation relation.Through index measurement and community division,the roles of different types of enterprises in the network are quantified,the internal dynamic mechanism of network development is clarified,the theoretical support system of enterprise innovation and development is enriched,and the analysis method of patent cooperation network is supplemented.