贵州安顺屯堡餐馆菜肴名称探析

The Study on the Names of Dishes in Tunpu Testaurant in Anshun in Guizhou

贵州安顺屯堡菜肴名称极具特色。从结构上看,贵州安顺屯堡菜肴名称主要有主谓短语、偏正短语、联合短语和动宾短语四大类。在主谓短语的屯堡菜肴名称中,如果以“炒”为核心动词前后出现词语的音节来看,则可以分为七大类。其中,“炒”字前后两个材料名称都是双音节的,这符合明清中原文明的传统“中轴对称”理论。四、六个音节的主谓结构的屯堡菜肴名称体现了一种和谐的整体美、对称美。贵州安顺屯堡菜肴名称中,偏正短语没有定语标记“的”、联合短语中不存在“炒”类动词,这是语言经济性原则在屯堡菜肴名称中的体现。从音节上来看,贵州安顺屯堡菜肴名称有两大特点:一是,四音节至七音节较常见;二是,五音节为顶点向左右两边递减的抛物线。安顺屯堡菜肴名称大多在三至七个音节之间,这与人们的短时记忆息息相关。贵州安顺屯堡部分菜肴名称承载着屯堡人的独特文化内涵,部分则是屯堡文化与苗族、回族等民族文化交融的重要表征。

The name of Tunpu cuisine in Anshun,Guizhou is very characteristic.From the structural point of view,the names of Tunpu dishes in Anshun,Guizhou mainly include subject predicate phrases,partial positive phrases,joint phrases and verb object phrases.The names of Tunpu dishes with subject predicate phrases can be divided into seven categories according to the syllables of the words before and after the core verb“Chao”.The names of the two materials before and after the word“Chao”are disyllabic,which is in line with the traditional“central axis symmetry”theory of the Central Plains Civilization in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The six syllable subject predicate structure of Tunpu dish names reflects a harmonious overall beauty and symmetrical beauty.In the names of Tunpu dishes in Anshun,Guizhou Province,there is no attributive mark“de”in the positive phrase and no verb“Chao”in the combined phrase,which is the embodiment of the principle of language economy in the names of Tunpu dishes.In terms of syllables,the names of Tunpu dishes in Anshun,Guizhou have two characteristics:first,four to seven syllables are common;Second,pentatonic is a parabola whose apex decreases to the left and right.The names of Tunpu dishes in Anshun are mostly between three and seven syllables,which is closely related to people's short-term memory.Some dish names in Tunpu,Anshun,Guizhou province carry the unique cultural connotation of Tunpu people,while some are important symbols of the blending of Tunpu culture with Miao,Hui and other ethnic cultures.