微生物技术在矿物选冶过程中的研究进展

Research Progress of Microbial Technology in Mineral Processing and Metallurgy

由于矿物逐渐被开采,优质矿物资源日益短缺,“贫、细、杂”矿物的选别回收亟待解决,人们对选矿技术的要求越来越高。一些特殊的微生物本身或者其代谢物可以将矿物中的离子溶解出来,或者改变矿物的表面性质,并且,与传统选矿药剂和浸出剂相比,微生物具有成本较低,对后续环境污染小的优势,因此,微生物浮选和微生物冶金技术得到了快速的发展。本文介绍了国内外对微生物浸出、氧化、分解和微生物在矿物表面的吸附、化学反应及微生物细胞表面化学等方面的研究进展。

Due to the gradual exploitation of minerals and the increasing shortage of high-quality mineral resources,the separation and recovery of"poor,fine and miscellaneous"minerals need to be solved urgently,and people's requirements for mineral processing technology are higher and higher.Some special microorganisms themselves or their metabolites can dissolve the ions in minerals or change the surface properties of minerals.Moreover,compared with traditional mineral processing reagents and leaching agents,microorganisms have the advantages of lower cost and less environmental pollution.Therefore,the micro biological flotation and microbial metallurgy technology has been developed rapidly.This paper introduces the research progress of bioleaching,oxidation,decomposition,adsorption,chemical reaction and cell surface chemistry of microorganisms at home and abroad.