下肢骨牵引的临床应用与进展

CLINICAL APPLICATION AND PROSPECT OF LOWER LIMB SKELETAL TRACTION

骨牵引是骨科的一种经典治疗手段,同时也是一种重要的骨科急救方式,用于治疗骨折和畸形,缓解肌肉挛缩。随着内固定的应用、发展以及外固定装置的创新与材料的更新,使用骨牵引治疗骨折越来越少,但是对于股骨颈骨折、移位明显的股骨干骨折、胫腓骨骨折、Pilon骨折等,术前使用骨牵引能够缓解肢体的肿胀与疼痛,纠正骨折断端的成角与旋转,在一定程度上恢复肢体的解剖、力线。虽然在陈旧的教科书中描述了牵引用于缓期和最终治疗骨科损伤,但目前国内的文献当中缺乏系统性的介绍下肢骨牵引的相关知识。鉴于骨牵引对于骨科医师的重要性及部分骨科医师对于骨牵引具体操作缺乏精确性,本文是介绍骨牵引的操作流程,并向骨科医师提供指导。

Skeletal traction is a classic treatment method in orthopedics, and it is also a important orthopedic emergency method, used to treat fractures and deformities, and relieve muscle convulsion. With the application and development of internal fixation and the innovation and material update of external fixation devices, skeleton traction is used to treat fractures less and less, but for femoral neck fractures, significantly displaced femoral shaft fractures, tibia and fibula fractures, Pilon fractures, etc. The use of skeleton traction in preoperative can relieve the swelling and pain of the limbs,correct the angulation and rotation of the fractured end, and restore the anatomy and force line of the limbs to a certain extent. Although outdated textbooks describe the use of traction for remission and final treatment of orthopedic injuries, the current domestic literature lacks a systematic introduction to the relevant knowledge of lower extremity skeletal traction. In view of the importance of skeletal traction to orthopedic surgeons and the vagueness of some orthopedic doctors on the specific operation of skeletal traction. The purpose of this article is to introduce the operation process of skeletal traction and provide guidance to orthopedists.