多种场景下氚监测技术

Technology of tritium detection under various scenarios

针对核能应用领域涉氚操作与含氚废物排放不断增多,氚辐射安全与氚监测日益受到关注,而不同场景下氚监测的方法存在较大差异。本文基于氚的性质与不同场景下氚的源项及其排放特点,梳理了氚监测目的,分析了氚的基本性质和不同化学形态特征,提出氚监测的原则,研究了环境质量监测、运行工况监测、辐射评价监测3个典型场景下的氚监测方案,并给出了不同氚监测方案的总体技术性能与关键技术,能够为不同场景下开展氚含量监测提供参考。环境质量监测应对空气中氚采样,进而采用液体闪烁谱仪测量,运行工况监测采用电离室在线测量,辐射评价监测需对空气中不同形态的氚进行甄别测量。

Owing to the ever-increasing tritium operation and tritium-containing waste emission in nuclear energy ap-plications,tritium radiation safety and monitoring have recently gained vast attention.Based on the properties of the source term and emission characteristics of tritium in different scenarios,this paper presents the purpose and princi-ples of tritium monitoring and describes its basic properties and different chemical forms.Additionally,the current paper highlights the tritium monitoring schemes in three typical scenarios,including environmental quality monito-ring,operating condition monitoring,and radiation evaluation monitoring.Additionally,the overall technical per-formance and key technologies of different tritium monitoring schemes are also provided,which can provide a refer-ence for tritium content monitoring under different scenarios.While in environmental quality monitoring,the tritium sampling must first be performed in the air,followed by the measurement using the liquid scintillation spectrometer;the tritium sample in operating condition monitoring should be measured online via an ionization chamber.Moreo-ver,radiation evaluation monitoring involves the screening and measurement of different forms of tritium in the air.