城市创新空间格局与地域组织模式——以北京、深圳与上海为例

SPATIAL PATTERNS AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL MODES OF URBAN INNOVATION:CASE STUDIES OF BEIJING,SHENZHEN,AND SHANGHAI

创新空间是城市发展创新型经济的载体。本研究以北京市、深圳市和上海市为例,以创新企业和创新载体来表征城市创新空间,刻画案例城市创新空间布局与组织模式的异同,结果表明:第一,创新活动的高准入门槛、窄领域范围等特征,决定了城市创新企业以小微企业为主,所属行业主要集中在科学研究和技术服务业、制造业等少数行业。第二,北京、上海两市创新空间的布局结构和地域组织模式呈双核型,深圳市则表现为组团型;创新空间的布局在1km和3km两个边界内呈现地理邻近性特征。第三,城市空间组织、要素集聚、创新活动区位等是影响城市创新空间格局和组织模式的关键因素。本研究成果可为城市创新空间的规划与营造提供参考,并对我国创新型城市建设提供政策启示。

Innovation space is the carrier for cities to develop innovation-driven economy.Taking Beijing,Shenzhen,and Shanghai as examples,this paper uses innovation enterprises and innovation carriers to represent the urban innovation spaces,and analyzes the similarities and differences in the layout and organizational modes of innovation space of the case cities.The results show that:(1)The characteristics of innovation activities,such as high access standards and narrow scope,determine that urban innovation enterprises are dominated by small and micro enterprises in a small number of industries including scientific research,technical services,and manufacturing.(2)The layout and regional organizational modes of innovation spaces in Beijing and Shanghai are characterized by a dual-core structure,while Shenzhen is by a clustered structure.The layouts of the innovation spaces show geographical proximity within the scope of 1 km and 3 km.(3)Urban spatial organization,factor agglomeration,location of innovation activities,etc.,are the key factors that influence the spatial patterns and organizational modes of urban innovation.The research can provide not only reference for the planning and construction of urban innovation space,but also inspiration for the policy making for the construction of innovation-driven cities in China.