预防性环境民事公益诉讼的制度逻辑

Institutional Logic of Preventive Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

环境公益诉讼目的在于全面保护环境公共利益,环境保护不应局限于事后损害救济,需进一步着眼于事前的风险预防。应以事前预防为基础,兼以事后损害救济为补充,分析预防性环境民事公益诉讼制度逻辑进路。就现行预防性环境民事公益诉讼制度而言,尚面临着环境利益保护不全面、风险程度认定不清、举证规则不完善等问题。应以预防为主理念为逻辑前提、司法解释规则为逻辑基础,可持续发展理念为逻辑主线,从限定环境利益保护范围、理清风险认定标准、完善举证责任规则等方面探究其制度逻辑,力图全面保护环境公益。

The purpose of environmental public interest litigation is to protect the environmental public interest comprehensively.Environmental protection should not be limited to the damage relief after the damaging event happens;instead,it should further focus on the risk prevention before the event.It is necessary to analyze the logical approach of the system of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation based on pre-prevention and supplemented by post-damage relief.As far as the current preventive environmental civil public interest litigation system is concerned,such problems still exit as incomplete protection of environmental interests,unclear identification of risk degree and imperfect rules of burden of proof.We should take prevention as the logical premise,judicial interpretation rules as the logical basis,and sustainable development concept as the logical main line.We should explore its system logic from the aspects of limiting the protection scope of environmental interests,clarifying the identification standard of risk,and improving the rule of burden of proof,thereby comprehensively protecting environmental public interests.