沙地日光温室灵武长枣地面生草覆盖试验

Experiment on Ground Grass Mulching of LingwuJnjube in Sunlinght Greenhouse in Sandy land

【目的】探索不同土壤管理对沙地设施灵武长枣果实产量、品质的影响,为灵武市沙地设施灵武长枣提出提质增效的土壤管理技术。【方法】试验在同棚和异棚设生草、覆膜、覆草不同土壤管理措施,每星期调查土壤温度、水分、硬度和pH值,果实成熟期调查产量、果实可溶性固形物、单果重、果个、硬度等指标。【结果】全园覆草、行内覆膜行间覆草、全园覆膜保水效果依次减弱,而升温效果依次增强,生草地温、水分均偏低;全园覆膜产量相对稳定、果实上市早,裂果有所降低,田间管理简单;行内覆膜行间覆草增产、提质、减轻裂果效果最为明显,但与全园覆膜比较,覆盖成本较高,且在花期棚内温度管理精细度要求较高;全园覆草能有效提高产量、减轻裂果,但升温前期地温低、棚温难控,枣果上市晚;试验设计中无该处理棚产量低且不稳定、裂果较重。【结论】沙地日光温室枣树地面管理提倡全园覆膜结合适度的施肥枪追肥为宜,温棚管理精细度较高的沙地枣园可选择覆膜+覆草地面管理模式。

【Objective】To explore the effects of different soil management on fruit yield and quality of Lingwu jujube in sandy land facilities,soil management techniques for improving quality and increasing efficiency of Lingwu jujube in sandy land facilities of Lingwu City were put forward.【Methods】In the experiment,different soil management measures of growing grass,plastic film mulching and grass mulching were set up in the same shed and different shed.Soil temperature,moisture,hardness and Ph were investigated every week,yield,soluble solids,single fruit weight,fruit number and hardness were investigated fruit ripening stage.【Results】The effect of grass mulching,plastic film mulching and plastic film mulching in the whole garden was weakened in turn,but the effect of heating was enhanced in turn,and the temperature and moisture of growing grassland were low:The yield of plastic film mulching was relatively stable,the fruit was listed early,the fruit cracking was decreased,and the field management was simple.The effect of mulching with plastic film on increasing yield,improving quality and reducing fruit cracking was the most obvious,but compared with plastic film mulching in the whole garden,the cost of mulching was higher,and the fineness of temperature management in the flowering shed was higher.The grass mulching in the whole orchard could effectively increase the yield and reduce the fruit cracking,but in the early stage of heating,the ground temperature was low,the temperature was difficult to control,and the jujube fruit was listed late.【Conclusion】The ground management of jujube trees in sandy land solar greenhouse advocates the combination of plastic film mulching and appropriate fertilizer,and the management mode of plastic film mulching and grass mulching can be selected in sandy jujube orchards with high fineness in greenhouse management.