海桐皮基原的本草再考证

Textual Research on the Origin of Haitongpi(Pittosporum Bark)

海桐皮首载于宋代的《开宝本草》,为地方习用中药。目前海桐皮的基原多有不同,考证认为宋代《开宝本草》所载海桐皮,其基原不为刺桐Erythrina variegata L.、乔木刺桐Erythrina arborescens Roxb或木棉Bombax malabaricum,据现有文献,较难断定其基原为何。但从明代开始,豆科植物刺桐Erythrina variegata L.就明确作为海桐皮的基原应用,同时清代及民国年间也保持沿用。此外,明代已经开始出现海桐属海桐Pittosporum tobira(Thunb.)Ait与海桐皮基原植物“海桐”相混淆的现象。而芸香科植物樗叶花椒Zanthexylum ailathoidos Sied.et Zucc或朵椒Zanthexylum molle Rehd.在历史上从未当作海桐皮使用,是较易区分的伪品。建议各地方中药标准中,将海桐皮的基原修正为豆科植物刺桐Erythrina variegata L.。

Haitongpi(Pittosporum bark)was first published in Kaibao Materia Medica in Song Dynasty,which is a local traditional Chinese medicine.At present,there are many different origins of Haitongpi(Pittosporum bark).The textual research shows that the origin of Pittosporum bark contained in Kaibao Materia Medica of Song Dynasty is not Erythrina variegata L.,Erythrina arborescens Roxb or Bombax malabaricum.According to the existing literature,it is difficult to determine its origin.However,since the Ming Dynasty,the leguminous plant Erythrina variegata L.has been clearly used as the basic application of Haitongpi(Pittosporum bark),and it has also been used in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.In addition,Pittosporum tobira(thunb.)Ait of the genus Pittosporum has begun to appear in the Ming Dynasty and it is confused with the original plant of pittospermum caryophyllum"pittospermum".Zanthexylum ailathoidos Sied et Zucc or Zanthexylum molle Rehd have never been used as Haitongpi(Pittosporum bark)in history,and it is a forgery that the are easy to distinguish.It is suggested that the origin of Haitongpi(Pittosporum bark)should be amended to Erythrina variegata L.,a leguminous plant in the local standards of traditional Chinese medicine.