中老年居民的膳食平衡指数及与高血压现状关系研究-以蚌埠市为例

Study on The Relationship Between Dietary Balance Index and Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents-Taking Bengbu City as An Example

目的:应用膳食平衡指数(DBI_16)评价蚌埠市部分中老年居民的膳食质量,分析其与高血压患病率间的关联。方法:2018年9月-2019年9月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取蚌埠市2716名45岁以上的中老年居民作为研究对象,调查其社会人口学资料、膳食资料和体格检查资料,并于安静、放松状态下检测其血压及血脂水平。运用SPSS 25.0进行χ2检验、秩和检验和Logostic回归分析。结果:蚌埠市中老年居民处于中度膳食失衡状态(DQD=38),主要表现为低度摄入不足(LBS=24)和低度摄入过量(HBS=14)。在膳食结构中,以谷类、油脂类和食用盐摄入过量为主,而蔬菜、水果、奶类、豆类和水产品则严重摄入不足。Logistic回归分析结果,LBS(OR=1.017,95%CI:1.002~1.032)是中老年居民高血压患病的主要危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:该人群主要存在膳食摄入不足的问题,与高血压的患病风险呈正相关。

【Objective】 Dietary Balance Index(DBI_16)was used to evaluate the dietary quality of some middle-aged and elderly residents in Bengbu city,and to analyze the relationship between DBI_16 and the prevalence of hypertension.【Method】 From September 2018 to September 2019,using the method of stratified cluster random sampling,2716 middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old in Bengbu were selected as the research subjects.Their socio-demographic characteristics,dietary data,physical examination indicators were investigated,and the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids were measured in a quiet and relaxed state.SPSS 25.0 was used to carry out Chi-square test,rank sum test,and logistic regression analysis.【Result】 The middle-aged and elderly residents in Bengbu in a state of moderate dietary imbalance(DQD=38),which is mainly manifested as low intake deficiency(LBS=24)and low excessive intake(HBS=14).The dietary structure is dominated by excessive intake of cereals,oils and edible salt,while vegetables,fruits,dairy,legumes and aquatic products are seriously inadequate.Logistic regression analysis showed that LBS(OR=1.017,95%CI:1.002~1.032)was the main risk factor of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 This population mainly has the problem of insufficient dietary intake,which is positively correlated with the risk of hypertension.