不同体育锻炼水平与老年人饮水行为之间的关系研究

Water Intake Behaviors of The Elderly with Different Levels of Physical Exercise

目的:了解老年人的水及饮料饮用量、饮水次数等饮水行为情况,分析饮水行为与体育锻炼量的关系,为开展老年人饮水健康宣教提供科学依据。方法:于2019年9-11月采用方便抽样的方法,在中国广州、合肥、济南、南昌、太原5个城市招募符合纳排标准的老年人共551名开展调查。采用7 d 24 h饮水记录法,实时记录老年人每次饮水的种类、时间、饮水量;用调查问卷收集老年人体育锻炼情况并计算体育锻炼量,根据体育锻炼量的三分位间距将老年人划分为Q1、Q2、Q3三组;使用卡方检验、Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验的统计方法进行老年人饮水行为分析。结果:共发出问卷551份,回收551份,回收率为100.0%,其中有效问卷524份,有效率为95.1%。参与调查的老年人每日饮水量中位数为1241 mL,饮水达到推荐量的人占比为26.5%。Q1、Q2、Q3组老年人的每日饮水量中位数分别为1189、1401、1461 mL,白水饮用量中位数为733、935、1021 mL,组间差异均有统计学意义(H=48.840,P<0.001;H=41.367,P<0.001)。饮水达到推荐量的比例Q1组为13.2%、Q2组为37.7%、Q3组为32.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.942,P<0.001)。老年人每日饮水次数中位数为8.1次,Q1组每日7.6次、Q2组每日8.6次、Q3组每日8.7次,差异有统计学意义(H=23.385,P<0.001)。老年人次均饮水量中位数为184 mL,其中Q1组每次176 mL、Q2组194 mL、Q3组190 mL,差异有统计学意义(H=9.485,P=0.009)。分别对每日饮水量、白水饮用量、饮水次数和次均饮水量与体育锻炼量进行回归分析,均存在显著线性关系,标准化系数分别为0.265、0.249、0.017、0.161(P<0.05)。结论:体育锻炼量较多的老年人每日饮水量与白水饮用量较高,饮水次数较多,次均饮水量较高。老年人存在饮水不足现象,需进行健康宣教,帮助老年人形成健康饮水行为。

【Objective】 To understand water intake behaviors of the elderly,such as water and beverage consumption and drinking times,and analyze the relationship between water intake behaviors and physical exercise,so as to provide basis for carrying out health education for the elderly.【Method】 From September to November 2019,a total of 551 elderly people who met the acceptance and emission standards were recruited in five cities of Guangzhou,Hefei,Jinan,Nanchang and Taiyuan to conduct a survey.The 7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire was used to record the type,time and amount of water intake.The physical exercise of the elderly was collected by questionnaire and the amount of physical exercise was calculated.According to the interquartile spacing of physical exercise,the elderly were divided into Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups.Chi square test and Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test were used to analyze the water intake behaviors of the elderly.【Result】 Totally 551 questionnaires were sent out with a recovery rate of 100.0%.Totally 524 valid questionnaires were included,with an effective rate of 95.1%.The daily water intake of the elderly was 1241 mL,and 26.5%of them reached the recommended standard.The daily water intake of the elderly in Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups were 1189 mL,1401 mL and 1461 mL respectively,and the plain water intake of the elderly in Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups were 733 mL,935 mL and 1021 mL respectively.There were significant differences between the groups(H=48.840,P<0.001;H=41.367,P<0.001).The proportion of water intake reaching the recommended amount was 13.2%in group Q1,37.7%in group Q2 and 32.5%in group Q3.The difference was statistically significant(χ2=31.942,P<0.001).The average daily number of drinking acts was 8.1 times,while 7.6 times in group Q1,8.6 times in group Q2 and 8.7 times in group Q3.The difference was statistically significant(H=23.385,P<0.001).The average drinking water per act of the elderly was 184 mL,while 176 mL in group Q1,194 mL in group Q2 and 190 mL in group Q3.The difference was statistically significant(H=9.485,P=0.009).There was a significant linear relationship between daily water intake,plain water intake,drinking times and average drinking water per act and physical exercise,and the standardization coefficients were 0.265,0.249,0.017 and 0.161 respectively(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The elderly with more physical exercise have higher consumption of total water and plain water,more average number of drinking acts and higher average water intake per act.The water intake of the elderly is lower than the recommended intake,so health education is needed to help the elderly form healthy water intake behavior.