基于同步计数和分区直数法相结合的鸟类多样性快速调查——以2020年冬季拉鲁湿地监测为例

Rapid Bird Diversity Survey based on Simultaneous Counting and Zoned Direct Number Methods——A Case of Wetland Birds′Monitoring in Lalu,2020 Winter

西藏中南部的湿地在中亚鸟类迁徙路线上作用明显,然而以往针对于本区域的研究多侧重于取样调查,对于鸟类的密度缺乏准确的判断。该研究于2020年12月25日,采用三区域同步计数和分区直数法相结合的方式对拉鲁湿地冬季鸟类多样性进行了调查,共记录鸟类9目19科50种6862只,种类和数量均超过以往的调查记录,证实该方法可以作为小范围的快速鸟类多样性调查方法。调查记录的鸟类以古北界物种为主,共28种(56%),另有东洋界鸟类6种,广布种16种。在居留型方面留鸟占优,共31种(62%),此外还包括冬候鸟8种(16%),旅鸟11种(22%)。此次调查区域内的水鸟密度为983.94只/km^(2),斑头雁(Anser indicus)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)在其中占据优势。调查还发现包括鸭科(Anatidae)、鹟科(Muscicapidae)、鹰科(Accipitridae)、隼科(Falconidae)在内的14种濒危和受保护鸟类。

Wetlands in central and southern Tibet play an important role along Central Asia flyway of the birds migration.However,previous studies focused on sampling works but lacked accurate surveys on population density.In addition to a complete survey on waterbird species in a region,the data of population density of each species need to be further provided for the sake of observation efficiency and compatible application scope.We con⁃ducted a survey of winter bird diversity in Lalu Wetland by combining the method of simultaneous counting at three regions and the method of direct counting in each region.A total of 50 species,which belong to 19 families and 9 orders were recorded.Both the species number and the birds′abundance exceeded the previous survey records,which confirm that this integrative method could be more powerful in rapid bird diversity survey regards to a small range area.A total of 28 species(56%)recorded are belong to the Palaearctic realm,6 species are Oriental species,and the rest 16 species are widely distributed.In terms of residence type,31 species of resident birds(62%),8 species of winter migratory birds(16%)and 11 species of traveler birds(22%)were predominant.The density of waterfowls in the survey area was 983.94/km^(2),among which Anser indicus and Tadorna ferruginea are dominant.The survey also found 14 species of endangered and protected birds,including Anatidae,Muscicapi⁃dae,Accipitridae and Falconidae.