高能碳氢燃料绿色合成技术研究进展

Review on Green Synthesis of High⁃Energy⁃Density Hydrocarbon Fuel

高能量密度碳氢燃料是重要的航天航空动力源,其主要发展方向是高能化和绿色化,尤其是在低碳和可持续发展的要求下,发展高能碳氢燃料的绿色合成工艺已成为必然。本文总结了高能碳氢燃料合成技术绿色化的研究进展,包括:通过改进合成路线或者使用固体酸、离子液体等绿色催化剂,对经典高能燃料JP‑10(挂式四氢双环戊二烯)、金刚烷传统合成工艺进行绿色化改进;从合成原料绿色化的角度,以萜烯和木质纤维素及其衍生物为原料合成生物基高能绿色燃料,研发生物基RJ‑4(桥式和挂式四氢二甲基双环戊二烯混合物)和JP‑10等替代燃料;从合成工艺绿色化的角度,采用光催化技术实现张力结构燃料和多环结构燃料的绿色合成。最后对国内外该领域阶段性的成果进行了总结,并展望了高能碳氢燃料绿色合成工艺的发展方向和面临挑战。

High‑energy‑density hydrocarbon fuels are important aerospace power source,which mainly developing direction is high‑energy and green,especially under the requirements of low carbon and sustainable development,the green synthesis of high‑energy‑density hydrocarbon fuel becomes essential.The green synthesis technology of high‑energy‑density hydrocarbon fuel has been reviewed.Compared with traditional synthesis of JP‑10(exo‑THDCPD)and Adamantane,the advanced synthesis for fuel is improved by changing the synthesis route or using green catalysts such as solid acids and ionic liquids.Using biomass as feedstock is another strategy for green synthesis,covering terpenoids and lignocellulose‑derived platform molecules such as cyclic ketones/alcohols,furanic aldehydes/alcohols,etc.,and the alternative fuels such as bio‑based RJ‑4(endo‑THDMCPD and exo‑THDMCPD)and JP‑10 have been synthesized.In addition,the photocatalytic technology is used to synthesis of fuel with high tension and polycyclic structures from the perspective of green synthesis process view point,an outlook on further development of high‑energy‑density hydrocarbon fuel is also given.This review article will be helpful to explore and develop better approach and process for the synthesis of high‑energy‑density hydrocarbon fuel and upgrade for advanced aerospace vehicles.