《唐人试帖》整理的价值和意义——兼论清代试律诗学与古典诗学演进之关系

Value and Significance of the Reorganization of Tang Ren Shitie——Also on Evolution of Imperial Examination Poetry and Classical Poetry of Qing Dynasty

《唐人试帖》刊印之初正值清代康熙时期神韵诗学盛行之时。毛奇龄试律诗观如“浑然无迹”、强调“气象”脱离不了当时的诗学风尚。之后的上师大本《唐人试帖》墨批与毛氏评解比试律诗观有所发展,体现出重视自然与关合应试的矛盾;乾隆时期纪昀之《唐人试律说》则更强调合乎“法度”和“切”题。这显示出康熙末期至乾隆早期试律诗学观由空灵到质实的倾向。一方面,清代试律诗学的成熟过程有自己的独特性;另一方面,从毛奇龄到纪昀,清代试律诗学也与清代古典诗学的发展密切呼应。

Tang Ren Shitie was published at the time when the poetic theory of verse in the Qing Dynasty was prevalent. Mao Qiling’s thought of the imperial examination poetics, such as “without trace” and emphasizing “nature”, could not break away from the poetic fashion of that time. Later, compared with Mao’ s thought, the manuscripts criticism of Tang Ren Shitie in Shanghai Normal University has developed,reflecting the contradiction between attaching importance to nature and being examination-oriented. Later, JiYun’ s Tang Ren Shilv Shuo emphasized standard and “sticking to the title”,which shows the tendency of going from ethereal to solid during the late Kangxi period to the early Qianlong period. On the one hand, the maturation of the imperial examination poetics of the Qing Dynasty was the process of becoming more and more distant from the common poetics and forming its own uniqueness. On the other hand, from Mao Qiling to Ji Yun, the poetry of the Qing Dynasty tended to echo the development of the classical poetics.