我国大黄鱼产业的集聚水平研究

The Level of Industrial Agglomeration of Large Yellow Croaker in China

大黄鱼是我国近海主要的经济鱼类之一。为促进我国大黄鱼产业的可持续发展,文章从产业集聚的角度研究大黄鱼产业的发展规律,采用区位熵和空间基尼系数方法测度2011—2020年大黄鱼养殖产业和捕捞产业的集聚水平。研究结果表明:根据空间基尼系数的测算结果,大黄鱼养殖产业的集聚水平高于其捕捞产业;福建大黄鱼养殖产业的集聚水平相对于浙江和广东而言最高,但呈现下降趋势,浙江大黄鱼养殖产业的集聚水平呈现上升趋势,目前已高于全国平均水平,广东大黄鱼养殖产业的集聚水平较低且基本维持稳定;大黄鱼捕捞产量较少,产业集聚水平相对不高,主要集中在辽宁、广东和海南,其中辽宁大黄鱼捕捞产业的区位熵呈现下降趋势,广东整体呈现上升趋势,海南基本维持稳定,福建、山东、江苏、浙江和上海等捕捞区域的产业集聚水平较低。基于研究结果并结合实地调研情况提出3点建议:加强大黄鱼养殖和加工等技术研究;政府完善并实施相关渔业法规,增加对养殖户的培训,提升大黄鱼品质;保护大黄鱼种质资源。

The large yellow croaker is one of the main economic fishes in Chinese coastal waters. In order to explore the sustainable development of the yellow croaker industry, this paper studied the industrial development law of the yellow croaker from the perspective of industrial agglomeration. The aquaculture industry and fishing industry oflarge yellow croaker were taken as the research objects in this paper, and the method of location entropy and spatial Gini coefficient were used to measure the agglomeration level of the large yellow croaker aquaculture industry and fishing industry from 2011 to 2020. The research found: from the spatial Gini coefficient according to the calculation results, the agglomeration level of the large yellow croaker aquaculture industry was higher than that of its fishing industry. The agglomeration degree of the large yellow croaker aquaculture industry in Fujian Province was the highest compared to Zhejiang and Guangdong, but showing a downward trend. The agglomeration level of the large yellow croaker aquaculture industry in Guangdong Province was relatively low and basically remained stable. The fishing output of large yellow croaker was relatively low, and its agglomeration level was relatively low, mainly concentrated in Liaoning, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. The location entropy of the large yellow croaker fishing industry in Liaoning showed a downward trend, and the overall location entropy in Guangdong showed an upward trend. The level of industrial agglomeration of large yellow croaker fishing in China had remained basically stable, and the level of industrial agglomeration in fishing areas such as Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai was relatively low. Based on the research results and combined with the field research, this paper put forward 3 suggestions: strengthening the technical research on the breeding and processing of the giant yellow croaker;improving the implementation of relevant fishery regulations by the government, increasing the training of farmers, and improving the quality of yellow croaker;and protecting the resources of giant yellow croaker germplasm.