中国海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估研究进展

Research Progress on Valuation of Mariculture Ecosystem Services in China

中国是海水养殖大国,海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估可促进海水养殖密度合理化,为推进海水养殖高质量发展提供科学依据。与其他国家相比,中国对海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估的研究文献数量较多。文章基于“中国知网”数据库中1979-2020年相关主题的文献样本数据,利用CiteSpace文献计量软件分析海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估相关的9篇文献的关键词聚类、共现和时间线,并系统梳理中国海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估的研究进展。研究结果表明:中国海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估研究的绝对数量不多,且仅涉及少数沿海地区,覆盖海域范围不全面;研究大多集中于桑沟湾和大鹏澳等具有良好养殖条件的浅海、滩涂和港湾等典型海水养殖区以及养殖品种和养殖生态服务价值等方面,开展养殖生态系统服务价值评估研究,整体从单纯研究海水养殖品种和区位选择等内容,到深入研究海水养殖技术、海水养殖服务价值和碳汇价值等内容;食品供给服务是海水养殖提供的主要服务,贝藻类混合养殖具有固碳释氧功能,是海水养殖生态系统提供服务的新增长点;价值评估方法以直接市场法、替代市场法和假想市场法为主;海水养殖生态系统作为自然和人工的混合型生态系统,为海湾和滩涂等自然地貌带来额外的服务价值,相比原始状态在一定程度上增加海洋生态系统服务价值;最后为完善中国海水养殖生态系统服务价值评估研究提出相关建议。

China is a large country of mariculture. The evaluation of ecosystem services value of mariculture can promote the rationalization of mariculture density and provide a scientific basis for promoting the high-quality development of mariculture. Compared with other countries in the world, China has a large number of research documents on the evaluation of mariculture ecosystem services. Based on the literature sample data of relevant research topics of “marine ecosystem services value evaluation” from 1979 to 2020 in database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), this paper used the CiteSpace bibliometric software to analyze the keyword clustering, co-occurrence and timeline of 9 literatures related to the evaluation of mariculture ecosystem services value, and systematically combed the research frontier of mariculture ecosystem services value evaluation in China. The results showed that: the absolute number of studies on the value evaluation of mariculture ecosystem in China was not large. The research only involved four coastal provinces, and the coverage of sea area was not comprehensive;Most scholars focused on the research on typical mariculture areas, their study focused on aquaculture varieties and aquaculture ecological service value, and focused on value evaluation. The research showed the characteristics of “from shallow to deep”;In terms of value evaluation, it mainly involved supply function, regulation function and cultural function, in which the service value of supply function accounted for the highest proportion of the total value;In terms of value evaluation methods, there were three main methods: direct market method, alternative market method and hypothetical market method;Overall, mariculture had increased the value of marine ecosystem services. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to improve the research on mariculture ecosystem services and value evaluation in China.