海洋生态修复项目监管的现状、问题与建议

Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Marine Ecological Restoration Project Supervision

近年来中央和地方投入大量资金开展海洋生态修复项目,但项目监管机制仍不健全,因此研究当下海洋生态修复项目监管机制具有重要意义。文章以相关政策和实施内容的演变为依据,总结我国海洋生态修复项目的发展阶段;针对海洋生态修复项目存在的资金来源和使用方式较单一、利益相关者参与度不高、项目管理没有针对性的法律法规和标准指导、缺乏可参照的工程监管模式以及竣工管理技术要求和机制不完善等问题,提出对策建议。主要包括探索中央和地方生态修复共同受益的机制,根据区域整体性生态修复规划实施“马赛克拼图”式修复,扩展生态修复项目的资金来源和管理方式,在项目实施过程中参考已有的监管要求和标准,细化中央资金支持生态修复项目的调整程序、审批权限和责任,严格项目进度安排,预留充足的时间开展后期评估并建立长期效果评估指标体系,划定项目的“及格线”和“优秀线”,提高利益相关者参与度。

In recent years, the central and local governments have committed large amount of money to ecological restoration projects, but the regulatory mechanism for ecological restoration projects is still incompleted. It is of great significance to explore the current mechanism of ecological restoration project supervision. Based on the evolution of relevant policies and implementation content, this paper summarized the development stage of marine ecological restoration projects in China. Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for marine ecological restoration projects, such as the single source of funds and the use of funds, the low participation of stakeholders, the lack of targeted laws, regulations and standard guidance for project management, the lack of a reference project supervision model, and the imperfect technical requirements and mechanisms of completion management. It mainly included exploring the mechanism of mutual benefit of central and local ecological restoration, implementing “mosaic puzzle” restoration according to the regional overall ecological restoration plan, expanding the funding sources and management methods of ecological restoration projects, referring to existing regulatory requirements and standards in the implementation process of the project, refining the adjustment procedures, approval authority and responsibilities of central funds to support ecological restoration projects, strictly arranging the project schedule, leaving sufficient time to carry out post-evaluation and establishing a long-term effect evaluation index system, and delineating the “passing line” and “excellent Line” to improve stakeholder engagement.