新疆地区变应性鼻炎儿童常见变应原的分布

Analysis of common allergens distribution in children with allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang

目的分析新疆地区变应性鼻炎(AR)儿童常见变应原的分布,为该区AR儿童的诊治及流行病学研究提供参考依据。方法将2017年1月—2021年6月就诊并具有典型AR症状及体征的566例AR患儿纳入研究,将患者的血清变应原分布,就诊时间,不同年龄段及性别等进行分析。结果425例(75.1%)AR患儿至少一种变应原阳性,吸入性变应原主要致敏因素。9月和4月为AR发病最高的月份。艾蒿、屋尘螨、粉尘螨、柳树、屋尘等为是最常见的5种吸入性变应原。牛奶、小麦面粉、鸡蛋、花生、牛肉等为主要的5种食入性变应原。艾蒿、柳树、豚、牛奶在不同年龄段分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同性别儿童中部分变应原阳性率存在差异,屋尘阳性率在男性中明显高于女性,而在女性中羊肉的阳性率高于男性(P<0.05)。结论新疆地区AR患儿变应原以吸入性变应原阳性居多,不同季节变应原分布,在不同年龄段、不同性别中变应原存在部分差异。

Objective To analyze the distribution of common allergens in children with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Xinjiang so as to provide reference for the diagnosis,treatment and epidemiological research of children AR in this area.Methods A total of 566 AR children with typical AR symptoms and signs who were treated in our hospital from Jan 2017 to June 2021 were included in the study.The distribution of serum allergens,time of visit,different age groups and genders were analyzed.Results Of all the cases,425(75.1%)were positive for at least one allergen,and inhaled allergen was the main sensitizing factor.September and April were the months with the highest incidence of AR.Mugwort,house dust mites,dust mites,willow,house dust were the five most common inhaled allergens.Milk,wheat flour,eggs,peanuts,beef were the main 5 ingestible allergens.There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of mugwort,willow,dolphin and milk in different age groups(P<0.05).There were differences in the positive rates of some allergens in children of different genders.The positive rate of house dust was significantly higher in males than in females,while the positive rate of mutton in females was higher than that in males(P<0.05).Conclusions The most allergens in children with AR in Xinjiang are inhaled allergens.The allergens are distributed in different seasons,and there are some differences in allergens in different age groups and different genders.