中国传统文化中的疫情防控经验及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Epidemic Prevention and Control in Traditional Chinese Culture

中国先民在与疫情作斗争的过程中积累了丰富的经验。对这些经验进行总结会发现中国传统文化中的生态观在平衡生态、促使天人合一的层面发挥了重要作用,而这些观念又在疫情防控的举措上作出了指导,形成了中国古代独有的疫情防控思想。考察现存史料,对比儒、道、法等主要思想流派的生态观,进而总结出传统生态文化中的“天人合一”、不贵难得之货这两大具体思想特征。将这两大思想特征与传统文化中的疫情防控措施相结合,会发现“天人合一”生态思想在促进古人认识疫病层面发挥着积极的指导作用,而不贵难得之货则又使古人在防控疫病角度能够克制私欲,从而与天人合一观形成互补,共同促成先民对自然的敬畏,对环境的爱护这一良性生态观的形成。而在此基础上梳理历史文献,会发现古代的疫情防控措施并不因为当时医疗条件的局限而一味呈现出愚昧落后的局面。相反,传统疫情防控思想认为疫病是一种严重的自然灾害应该予以积极应对,提出应该重视感染疫病的患者隔离、积极干预治疗、普及民众医学知识、注意公共卫生、注意疫情通报以及首重预防疫病的防控理念。而关于疫病的预防措施,传统文化中的防控疫病思想又提出重视个人卫生、环境卫生、加强身体锻炼以提高免疫力来预防疾病的方法,这些极具价值的思想无疑是今天做好疫病防控的重要思想渊薮。

There have been many major outbreaks in Chinese history,and the ancestors have accumulated rich experience in fighting against them.The summary of these experiences introduce us that the ecological outlook in Chinese traditional culture has played a crucial part in balancing ecology and promoting the unity of nature and humanity,which has provided guidance for us about the epidemic prevention and control,forming an epidemic prevention and control ideology unique to ancient China.Investigating the existing historical materials,comparing the ecological views of the main schools of thought such as Confucianism,Taoism,and Law,we can summarize the two specific ideological characteristics of “the unity of nature and humanity” and not value rare goods in traditional Chinese culture.Combining these two ideological characteristics and the methods of epidemic prevention and control,we’ll find that the ecological ideology of “the unity of nature and man” plays a positive guiding role in promoting the ancients’ understanding of the epidemic,and making little of rare goods guides ancient people restraint lusts from the perspective of epidemic prevention and control to compensate the former,thus jointly contributing the formation of virtuous ecological outlook of reverence for nature and cherishing the environment.On this basis,if we look at the historical documents,it will be found that the methods of epidemic prevention and control didn’t be confined to a benighted situation on account of the boundedness of healthcare at that time.On the contrary,proposing the prevention and control concept of putting emphasis on the isolation of patients infected with the epidemic,active intervention and treatment,popularization od the public’s medical knowledge,attention to public health,attention to epidemic notification and most attention is paid to the prevention of epidemic diseases,traditional epidemic prevention and control ideological supports the idea that we should positively cope with epidemic disease,as it’s a serious natural disaster.As for the preventive methods of epidemic diseases,the idea of epidemic prevention and control in traditional culture also puts forward the methods of attaching importance to personal hygiene,environmental hygiene and strengthening physical exercise to improve immunity to prevent diseases.These extremely valuable ideas are indubitably the precious source of ideas for epidemic prevention and control today.