法治思维:从利益主张到权利诉求

The Rule-of-law Thinking:From Interests Demands to Rights Claims

法治思维要求社会生活主体按照法治的要求去认识、分析和解决问题,法治最基本、最核心的要求是依照法律的规定处理国家治理中的一切事务,故而法治思维最为简约的定义是思维主体按照法律的规定认识、分析和解决问题。以一种简约但不简单的立场认识法治思维应基于日常生活实践,从权利概念入手,辨析利益与权利,并动态展示从利益主张到权利诉求的进程。利益是权利的基础,利益转化为权利应经过利益识别、利益正当性证明和利益被权威认可三个步骤,以此为基础,从利益主张中转化生成权利诉求的过程包括应予识别的四个环节,即主张利益、主张正当的利益、主张明显属于权利的权益,以及主张可以或可能归入权利的权益。

The rule-of-law thinking requires the social subject to cognize,analyze and solve problems based on the spirit of the rule of law.The most essential and core requirements of the rule of law is to deal with all matters in the national governance under the provisions of law.Thus,the most concise definition of the rule-of-law thinking is the thinking subject recognizes,analyzes and solves problems by the provisions of law.A concise but not simple position to understand the rule-of-law thinking should be based on the experiences of daily life,starting from the concept of rights,identifying interests and rights,and dynamically showing the process from interest demands to rights claims.Interests are the basis of rights,and the conversion of interests into rights should go through three steps:interest identification,interest justification,and interest recognition by the authority.Based on these,the process of generating the rights claims from interests demands includes four parts:demanding interests,demanding justified interests,claiming legitimate interests,and claiming interests that may belong to rights.