岷江鱼类资源调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Fish Resources in Minjiang River

岷江系长江重要组成部分,为了解岷江鱼类资源现状,2017-2019年对岷江鱼类种类组成、优势种和多样性指数进行了分析。结果显示,共采集到鱼类72种,隶属于4目、14科、53属,包含了1种国家级保护鱼类胭脂鱼、4种四川省级保护鱼类、16种长江上游特有鱼类以及4种入侵鱼类。岷江上游以齐口裂腹鱼、重口裂腹鱼、黄石爬鮡和青石爬鮡等喜急流的鱼类为主,中下游以福建纹胸鮡、白缘■、切尾拟鲿等适应缓流或静水环境的鱼类为优势种群;鱼类多样性指数、丰富度指数以及均匀度指数表明岷江鱼类多样性较差且随河流梯度向下而递增。研究结果显示岷江鱼类种类数减少、经济鱼类小型化,呈现衰退趋势。

The Minjiang River is an important part of the Yangtze River.The species composition,dominant species and diversity index were analyzed to understand the current status of fish resources in Minjiang River from 2017 to 2019.A total of 72 species were identified inside 5 orders,14 families,and 53 genera.Among these species,Myxocyprinus asiaticus is enlisted as a protected species in China,4 species are enlisted as protected species in Sichuan Province,16 species are endemic to the upper Yangtze River and 4 species are invasive species in Minjiang River.The fishes in the upper reaches of Minjiang River are dominated by lotic species,such as Schizothorax prenanti,Schizothorax(Racoma)davidi,Euchiloglanis kishinouyei and Euchiloglanis davidi.In contrast,the middle and lower reaches are mainly dominated by lentic species,such as Glyptothorax fokiensis,Liobagrus marginatus and Pseudobagrus truncatus.The Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef species richness index indicated the fish species diversity is poor and presents significant longitudinal changes in Minjiang River.The investigation revealed the reduced number of species and the miniaturization of economic fish stocks,which indicates the recession of fish resources in Minjiang River.