基于种养平衡的湖南省畜禽养殖土地承载力分析

Analysis on Land Carrying Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Based on the Balance of Planting and Breeding

种养平衡农牧结合是生态文明建设体系框架下畜禽养殖业发展方向。论文基于畜禽养殖粪污进行农作物消纳的种养结合模式,采用湖南省2016年种养业的相关统计数据且结合各地种养业现实状况,估算了全省及各县(市、区)的畜禽养殖土地承载力以及基于土地承载力畜禽养殖的理论规模及存量。结果表明:湖南省畜禽养殖氮、磷养分土地承载力分别为46.57%和35.06%,总体上不存在畜禽养殖承载力超载问题,畜禽养殖业发展潜力较大;各地区之间承载力存在一定的差异,湘西南、湘南地区土地承载力指数普遍大于湘东北和湘西北地区;邵阳、永州、郴州地区和长沙、湘潭的一些城区是超载的主要地区,根据畜禽养殖土地承载力估算,全省仍有10393.6万头猪当量的养殖剩余存量,娄底、湘西州、株洲、怀化和衡阳的一些郊区可以适度增加规模化畜禽养殖数量。

The balance of planting and breeding and the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry is the development direction of animal husbandry under the framework of ecological civilization construction system.Based on the combination mode of planting and breeding of livestock and poultry manure for crop consumption,the paper estimates the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in the province and counties(cities and districts)and the maximum theoretical scale and stock of livestock and poultry breeding based on the land carrying capacity by using the relevant statistical data of Hunan Province in 2016 and combining the actual situation of the planting and breeding industry in various regions.The results showed that the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding was 46.57%and 35.06%in Hunan Province,there was no problem in livestock and poultry breeding carrying capacity overload,and the livestock and poultry breeding industry had great development potential.There were some differences in carrying capacity among different regions,and the land carrying capacity index of southwest and southern Hunan was generally higher than that of northeast and northwest Hunan.Shaoyang,Yongzhou,Chenzhou regions and some urban areas of Changsha and Xiangtan were the main areas of overload.According to the estimation of the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding,there are still 103.936 million pig equivalent breeding surplus stocks in the whole province.The number of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding can be moderately increased in some suburbs of Loudi,Xiangxi Prefecture,Zhuzhou,Huaihua and Hengyang.