晚清韩江流域的苦力营生及管理

Livelihood and Management of Labourers in the Hanjiang River Basin in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清韩江流域的苦力群体主要包括挑夫、艇户、竹木排工、撑船户等从事与韩江商品贸易及运输有关的体力劳动者。韩江流域的物资流动加强了韩江沿岸各个乡村之间人口、文化与经济交流,逐渐形成了以渡口为中心的劳动力生计圈。晚清时期,在韩江航运贸易中心地的潮州府城,先后制定了三个有关苦力行业管理章程,主要涉及挑夫、艇户、船户、排工等各类苦力的行业规则、标准、参照价格等各方面,标志着韩江航运管理的完善,对稳定韩江航运秩序起到重要作用。

The labourers in the Hanjiang River basin mainly include porters,boat owners,bamboo and wood workers,raftsmen and other labour workers engaged in commodity trade and transportation along the Hanjiang River.The flow of goods in the Hanjiang River basin has strengthened the population,cultural and economic exchanges among the villages along the river,and gradually formed a labor livelihood circle centered on the ferry port.In the late Qing Dynasty,in the prefectural city of Chaozhou,which served as the shipping and trade center along the Hanjiang River,three regulations on the management of the labor industry were established successively,mainly involving the industry rules,standards,reference prices of various types of laborers such as porters,boat owners,ship owners,and wood workers,marking the improvement of shipping management of the Hanjiang River and playing an important role in stabilizing the shipping order of the river.