无机非金属生物材料在骨肉瘤治疗与伴发骨缺损再生中的应用

Application of inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the treatment of osteosarcoma and the regeneration of tumor-related bone defects

背景:骨肉瘤是临床常见的疾病,近年来将无机非金属生物材料应用于骨肉瘤的治疗成为克服传统治疗瓶颈的新思路。目的:阐述目前无机非金属生物材料在骨肉瘤诊治中的应用,对其目前的研究现状及未来的应用前景进行综述。方法:应用计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网数据库中涉及无机非金属生物材料用于骨肉瘤诊治相关的研究,主要检索用于骨肉瘤治疗的无机非金属生物材料的制备、应用、动物细胞实验等的实验文献,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①无机非金属生物材料具有生物相容性好、理化性质稳定、可生物降解并兼具促成骨功能等优良特征。②无机非金属材料固有的抗断裂性能弱、制备工艺要求高、药物与生物活性分子负载剂量小等不足,限制了其在承力区骨缺损、需持续可控缓释药物等情形的应用。③目前无机非金属材料在骨肉瘤治疗中被广泛应用于纳米载药平台、生物植入支架以及材料表面涂层等方面,并通过功能化改性在骨肉瘤的化学动力学治疗、纳米靶向诊治、催化治疗、免疫治疗和肿瘤热疗等新型诊疗策略中显示出良好效果,但这些研究大多停留在基础实验阶段,尚缺乏临床试验数据的支持。④改进无机非金属材料制备流程、探索新型功能改性策略并进一步广泛开展临床评价,已成为将现有基础研究转化为临床实践并促进无机非金属材料持续发展的关键。

BACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma is a common clinical disease.In recent years,the application of inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the treatment of osteosarcoma has become a new way to overcome the bottleneck of traditional treatment.OBJECTIVE:To introduce the application of inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma,and to summarize its current research status and future application prospects.METHODS:A computer-based online search of Web of Science,PubMed,and CNKI was performed to retrieve articles regarding inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma and mainly retrieve experimental articles on the preparation,application and animal cell experiments of inorganic non-metallic biomaterials for osteosarcoma.Finally,69 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Inorganic nonmetal biomaterials have excellent characteristics of good biocompatibility,stable physical and chemical properties,biodegradability and promoting osteogenesis.(2)The inherent shortcomings of inorganic nonmetallic materials,such as weak anti-fracture performance,high preparation process requirements,low loading dose of drugs and bioactive molecules,limit the application in the cases of bone defects in load-bearing areas and controlling drugs releasing.(3)At present,inorganic nonmetal biomaterials such as nano drug loading platform,biological implantation scaffold and material surface coating are wildly used in the treatment of osteosarcoma,which realizing new diagnosis and treatment strategies in chemokinetic therapy,nano targeted diagnosis and treatment,catalytic therapy,immunotherapy and tumor hyperthermia through functional modification.However,these researches mostly stay in the basic experimental stage for lacking of the clinical trial data support.(4)Improving the preparation process of inorganic nonmetallic materials,exploring new functional modification strategies and further extensive clinical evaluation are the key to turn the basic research into clinical practice and promote the sustainable development of inorganic nonmetallic materials.