从《世说新语》看魏晋士人的音乐审美活动及其精神意蕴

Musical Aesthetic Activities and Spiritual Implications of the Clerisy of Wei-Jin from A new account of world tales

魏晋时期的音乐有着独特魅力,既具有觉醒、率意和革新的探索精神,亦有异端、叛逆的内在特质。从作为礼乐制度的国家政治中脱离后,此时期的音乐审美表现出以悲为美、化失意为快意、与自然同在等精神特征,而围绕乐器、乐曲生发的音乐艺术活动,则成为魏晋士人陶写抒情、获得心灵安顿的有效途径。《世说新语》中所载众多魏晋士人的音乐活动,是其审美意趣、精神追求与人格境界的集中反映,亦是一往情深、超脱不羁和妙赏会心的魏晋风度的审美化展现。在魏晋士人音乐审美活动的背后,隐藏着勃发流溢的生命张扬与自由无羁的心性解放,不仅实现了音乐艺术与士人心灵间的联系与交融,更彰显了魏晋士人追求生命之思、自然之乐、知音之情的精神意蕴。

The music of the Wei-Jin dynasties had a unique charm,a spirit of awakening,frankness and innovation,as well as an inherent quality of heresy and rebellion.After separating from state politics as a ritual and music system,the musical aesthetics of Wei-Jin showed the spiritual characteristics of sorrow as beauty,turning disappointment into pleasure,and being with nature,while the musical art activities around musical instruments and music became an effective way for Wei-Jin intelligentsia to write and express their emotions and gain peace of mind.The musical activities of many Wei-Jin people contained in the book A New Account of World Tales are a concentrated reflection of their aesthetic interests,spiritual pursuits and personality realm,as well an aesthetic expression of the Wei-Jin demeanor of pure adoration,unrestrained transcendence and wonderful appreciation.Behind the musical aesthetic activities of the clerisy in the Wei-Jin Dynasties,there is a burgeoning and overflowing life and a free and unrestrained liberation of the heart,which not only realizes the connection and integration between the music art and the scholars'hearts,but also reveals the spiritual meaning of the people in the Wei-Jin dynasties in pursuit of the thought of life,the music of nature and the love of the soul.