地铁复合吸能结构参数反演预测方法

Parameter inversion prediction method of composite energy absorption structure for subways

有限元计算方法是研究吸能结构碰撞特性的一种常用手段,但吸能结构的碰撞往往是强非线性、大变形的过程,采用这种方法存在耗时长、经济性差等问题。为此,提出一种碰撞参数反演预测方法,在保证精度的同时实现对吸能结构碰撞特性的快速预测。首先,对地铁方锥式复合吸能结构进行几何设计,并基于几何模型建立该结构的有限元模型。随后,将有限元数值仿真结果与全尺寸样件冲击试验的结果进行对比分析,验证有限元模型的准确性,并以此为基准开展不同特征参数下的方锥式复合吸能结构碰撞特性研究。再基于人工神经网络建立碰撞反演模型,搭建参数反演预测框架。最后,分别以方锥式复合吸能结构薄壁方管管壁厚度和蜂窝B的平台强度为输入参数,碰撞界面力和压溃位移为输出响应,分析碰撞反演模型的预测规律,并将预测结果与有限元仿真结果进行对比。研究结果表明,通过碰撞反演预测模型得到的界面力−时间曲线、界面力−压溃位移曲线的变化趋势与有限元数值仿真结果基本一致,说明该碰撞反演模型能够实现对吸能结构碰撞力学特性的快速预测,提高优化效率。所提出的参数反演预测方法对地铁吸能结构的碰撞特性研究产生积极影响,提供了新思路。

The finite element method is a common method to study the collision characteristics of energy absorption structure.However,the collision of energy absorption structures is usually a highly nonlinear and large deformation process,and the method has the problem of time-consuming and poor economy by using this method.Therefore,an inversion prediction method for collision parameters was proposed,which can predict the collision characteristics of energy absorption structure quickly while ensuring accuracy.First,the subway’s square cone-type composite energy absorption structure was designed geometrical,and the finite element model of the structure was established based on the geometric model.Then,the finite element numerical simulation results were compared and analyzed with the test results of the full-size sample impact to verify the accuracy of the finite element model,and the collision characteristics of the square-cone composite energy absorption structure with different characteristic parameters were studied with this as a benchmark.Then the collision inversion model was established based on an artificial neural network to build the parameter inversion prediction framework.Finally,the prediction law of the collision inversion model was analyzed by taking the thin-walled square tube wall thickness and the platform strength of honeycomb B of the square-cone composite energy absorption structure as input parameters and the collision interface force and collapse displacement as output responses,and the prediction results were compared with the finite element simulation outputs.The results show that the variation trend of the interface force-time curves and interface force-collapse displacement curves obtained by the collision inversion prediction model are basically consistent with the finite element numerical simulation results,indicating that the collision inversion model can quickly predict the collision mechanical properties of energy absorption structures and improve the optimization efficiency.The parameter inversion prediction method has a positive influence on this study of the collision characteristics of subway energy absorption structures and provides a new idea.