湖南省县域农业劳动力时空变化研究

Study on the Spatial and Temporal Changes of the Agricultural Labor Force in County-Level Areas of Hunan Province

利用2009—2019年湖南省下辖各县域的农业劳动力资源,采用ArcGIS技术分析其农业劳动力数量分布变化和密度分布变化的时空特性。研究表明:2009—2019年湖南省86%的县域农业劳动力数量呈减少趋势,农业劳动力数量减少速率最快的县域是望城区、湘潭县;各县域农业劳动力数量变化的趋势与城镇化率变化的趋势基本相反,这可以验证和解释城镇化是农村农业劳动力数量减少的主要原因;湖南省86%的县域农业劳动力密度处于持续降低状态,下降最快的县域为岳麓区;湖南省县域农业劳动力数量和农业劳动力密度基本上都呈“两圈”分布,外圈县域的农业劳动力数量、密度低于内圈,人口基数和地形地貌是湖南省县域农业劳动力数量和密度呈“两圈”分布的主要原因;湖南省的农业劳动力数量分布重心在涟源市,移动轨迹呈现大“T”形,总体来看重心朝东北方向移动;农业劳动力密度分布重心在娄星区、双峰县和湘乡市之间移动,呈现大“M”形轨迹,总体来看重心朝东偏北方向移动。

The spatial and temporal characteristics of the changes in the quantity and density distribution of the agricultural labor force in county-level areas of Hunan Province from 2009 to 2019 are analyzed by using ArcGIS technology.The study shows that the number of the agricultural labor force in 86%of county-level areas in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2019 was decreasing,and county-level areas with the fastest decrease rate of the number of the agricultural labor force were Wangcheng District and Xiangtan County.The trend of changes in the number of the agricultural labor force of county-level areas was basically opposite to that in the urbanization rate,which could verify and explain that urbanization was the main reason for the reduction in the number of rural agricultural labor force.The density of the agricultural labor force of 86%of county-level areas in Hunan Province was in a state of continuous decrease,and the fastest decrease rate occurred in Yuelu District.The number and density of the agricultural labor force of county-level areas in Hunan Province were basically in"two-circle"distribution,namely,the number and density of the agricultural labor force of county-level areas in the outer circle were lower than those in the inner circle;the population base and topography were the main reasons for the"two-circle"distribution.The center of gravity of the number distribution of the agricultural labor force in Hunan Province was in Lianyuan City,its moving trajectory showed a big"T"shape,and it generally moved toward the northeast direction.The center of gravity of the density distribution of the agricultural labor force moved between Louxing District,Shuangfeng County and Xiangxiang City,showing a large"M"-shaped trajectory,and it generally moved to the direction of east by north.